Comparison of fluoxetine and 1-methyl-L-tryptophan in treatment of depression-like illness in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced inflammatory model of depression in mice
-
Proteesh Rana
,
Amit K. Sharma
Abstract
Background:
The inflammatory response system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression. The pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon-γ induce the enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. The induction of IDO reduces the availability of tryptophan for serotonin synthesis. Furthermore, the metabolites of kynurenine pathway have neurotoxic property, which along with decreased serotonin may account for depression-like illness.
Methods:
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of treatment with fluoxetine and 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (1-MT) on Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced inflammatory model of depression in mice. Behavioral tests included locomotor activity, forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Oxidative stress was assessed by examining the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and non-protein thiols (NP-SH) in homogenized whole brain samples. Comet assays were performed to assess neurotoxicity.
Results:
The results of this study demonstrate that BCG treatment resulted in an increase in duration of immobility in FST and TST as compared to the saline group. Further, it produced a significant increase in the brain TBARS levels and decrease in the brain NP-SH levels. The hippocampal tissue from BCG group had significantly more comet cells than the saline group. 1-MT and fluoxetine were able to reverse the BCG-induced depression-like behavior and the derangement in oxidative stress parameters. Fluoxetine and 1-MT also reversed the BCG-induced neurotoxicity in such mice.
Conclusions:
1-Methyl-L-tryptophan exhibits antidepressant-like effect comparable to that of fluoxetine in treating BCG-induced depression-like behavior in mice.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This study was supported by the grant provided by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
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©2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Analgesic properties of aqueous leaf extract of Haematostaphis barteri: involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, adrenergic, opioidergic, muscarinic, adenosinergic and serotoninergic pathways
- Correlative study of peripheral ATP1A1 gene expression level to anxiety severity score on major depressive disorder patients
- Comparison of fluoxetine and 1-methyl-L-tryptophan in treatment of depression-like illness in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced inflammatory model of depression in mice
- Reproduction
- Tobacco smoke exposure induces irreversible alteration of testicular function in prepubertal rats
- Oxidative Stress
- α-Lipoic acid attenuates transplacental nicotine-induced germ cell and oxidative DNA damage in adult mice
- Effects of nicotine in the presence and absence of vitamin E on morphology, viability and osteogenic gene expression in MG-63 osteoblast-like cells
- Metabolism
- Age-dependent features of CYP3A, CYP2C, and CYP2E1 functioning at metabolic syndrome
- Exercise increases the level of plasma orexin A in humans
- Inflammation
- Drug combinations in diabetic neuropathic pain: an experimental validation
- Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy
- Hematology
- Phenotypic homogeneity with minor deviance in osmotic fragility of Sahel goat erythrocytes in non-ionic sucrose media during various physiologic states
- Protection against arsenic-induced hematological and hepatic anomalies by supplementation of vitamin C and vitamin E in adult male rats
- One more health benefit of blood donation: reduces acute-phase reactants, oxidants and increases antioxidant capacity
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