Effects of altered thyroid states on oxidative stress parameters in rats
-
Sehkar Oktay
,
Lebriz Uslu
Abstract
Background:
Thyroid hormones are effective on oxidant-antioxidant balance by leading basal metabolic rate. In this study, the effects of altered thyroid states on low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and oxidative stress parameters were investigated in an experimental animal model.
Methods:
Thirty female Wistar Albino rats were equally divided into 3 groups as follows: control group; hypothyroid group (methimazole (75 mg/100 g was added to diet); hyperthyroid group [L-thyroxine (0.4 mg/100 g was added to diet)]. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) levels, thyroid, and lipid parameters were determined in serum. Also lipid peroxidation (LPO), sialic acid (SA) and glutathione levels (GSH), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined in tissue samples.
Results:
A significant increase in lipid parameters was observed in hypothyroid group, whereas these parameters were decreased in hyperthyroid group compared to control group. For ox-LDL levels, a significant increase was observed both in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups. In brain, liver and kidney tissues, LPO and SA levels were increased, whereas GSH levels were decreased both in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups. The SOD and CAT activities were significantly decreased in hypothyroid group, however, they were increased in hyperthyroid group compared to control group. Both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid conditions modify the oxidant-antioxidant state in serum and tissues.
Conclusions:
Increased SOD and CAT activities in hyperthyroid group suggest that elevated thyroid hormones can reduce oxidative stress by maintaining antioxidant defense and they might have a protective effect on some tissues against oxidants.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: This study was supported by Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Commission by the project no: SAG-C-DRP-060510-0122.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
Competing interests: The funding organization(s) played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
References
1. Alturfan AA, Zengin E, Dariyerli N, Alturfan EE, Gumustas MK, Aytac E, et al. Investigation of zinc and copper levels in methimazole-induced hypothyroidism:relation with the oxidant-antioxidant status. Folia Biol 2007;53:183–8.10.14712/fb2007053050183Search in Google Scholar
2. Chen K, Thomas SR, Keaney JF. Beyond LDL Oxidation: ros ın vascular signal transduction. Free Radic Biol Med 2003;35:117–32.10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00239-9Search in Google Scholar
3. Shen Y, Yang T, Guo S, Li X, Chen L, Wang T, et al. Increased serum ox-LDL levels correlated with lung function, inflammation, and oxidative stress in COPD. Mediat Inflamm 2013;2013:1–5.10.1155/2013/972347Search in Google Scholar
4. Venditti P, Balestrieri M, Meo SD, Leo TD. Effect of thyroid state on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defences and susceptibility to oxidative stress in rat tissues. J Endocrinol 1997;155:151–7.10.1677/joe.0.1550151Search in Google Scholar
5. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265–75.10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6Search in Google Scholar
6. Yagi K. Assay for blood or serum methods in enzymology. Methods Enzymol 1984;105:328–37.10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05042-4Search in Google Scholar
7. Warren L. The thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acids. J Biol Chem 1959;234:1971–5.10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69851-5Search in Google Scholar
8. Beutler E, editor. Glutathione in red cell metabolism. In: A manual of biochemical methods, 2nd ed. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1975:112–14.Search in Google Scholar
9. Mylorie AA, Collins H, Umbles C, Kyle J. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and other parameters of cupper status in rats ingesting lead acetate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986;82:512–20.10.1016/0041-008X(86)90286-3Search in Google Scholar
10. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. In: Bergmeyer HU, editor. Methods of enzymatic analysis, 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Florida: Academic Press, 1974:121–6.Search in Google Scholar
11. Roberts CG, Ladenson PW. Hypothyroidism. Lancet 2004;363:793–803.10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15696-1Search in Google Scholar
12. Venditti P, Di Meo S. Thyroid hormone-induces oxidative stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006;63:414–34.10.1007/s00018-005-5457-9Search in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Duntas LH. Thyroid disease and lipids. Thyroid 2002;12:287–93.10.1089/10507250252949405Search in Google Scholar PubMed
14. Jena S, Anand C, Chainy GB, Dandapat J. Induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of superoxide dismutase expression in rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum by PTU-induced hypothyroidism and its reversal curcumin. Neurol Sci 2012;33:869–73.10.1007/s10072-011-0853-4Search in Google Scholar
15. Santi A, Duarte MM, Menezes CC, Loro VL. Association of lipids with oxidative stress biomarkers in subclinical hypothyroidism. Int J Endocrinol 2012;2012:1–7.10.1155/2012/856359Search in Google Scholar
16. Das K, Chainy GB. Modulation of rat liver mitochondrial antioxidant defence system by thyroid hormone. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001;1537:1–13.10.1016/S0925-4439(01)00048-5Search in Google Scholar
17. Petrovic N, Cvijic G, Davidovic V. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of uncoupling protein-1 in the brown adipose tissue of hypothyroid rats: comparison with effects of iopanoic acid. Physiol Res 2001;50:289–97.10.33549/physiolres.930049Search in Google Scholar
18. Lampka M, Junik R, Nowicka A, Kardymowicz H, Kaczorowski P. Evaluation of low density lipoprotein oxidation in a course of hypothyroidism. Endokrynol Pol 2006;57:116–21.Search in Google Scholar
19. Bauer DC, Cappola AR, Razvi S, Walsh JP, Asvold BO, Iervasi G, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. J Am Med Assoc 2010;304:1365–74.10.1001/jama.2010.1361Search in Google Scholar
20. Hanna AN, Feller DR, Witiak DT, Newman HA. Inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation by thyronines and probucol. Biochem Pharmacol 1993;45:753–62.10.1016/0006-2952(93)90151-LSearch in Google Scholar
21. Hanna AN, Titterington LC, Lantry LE, Stephens RE, Newman HA. Thyronines and probucol inhibition of human capillary endothelial cell-induced low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Biochem Pharmacol 1995;50:1627–33.10.1016/0006-2952(95)02047-0Search in Google Scholar
22. Benvenga S, Cahnmann HJ, Robbins J. Localization of the thyroxine binding sites in apolipoprotein B-100 of human low density lipoproteins. Endocrinology 1990;127:2241–6.10.1210/endo-127-5-2241Search in Google Scholar
23. Poddar A, Ray S. Serum sialic acid levels in diabetic subjects: a promising screening tool for microvascular & macrovascular complications in diabetes. Int J Sci Res 2015;4:2042–4.Search in Google Scholar
24. Huseyin C, Oguzhan B, Sukru G, Ali K, Bahar A, Taner S, et al. Serum sialic acid that the value in pulmonary thromboembolism. Acta Medica Mediterr 2015;31:801–6.Search in Google Scholar
25. Uslu E, Guzey FK, Guzey D, Kucur M, Belce A. Tissue and serum sialic acid levels in an animal head injury model. Ulus Travma Derg 2002;8:74–7.Search in Google Scholar
26. Uslu E. Effect of curcumin on stress ulcers. Cerrahpasa J Med 2002;33:93–6.Search in Google Scholar
27. Varki A. Sialic acids in human health and disease. Trends Mol Med 2008;14:351–60.10.1016/j.molmed.2008.06.002Search in Google Scholar
28. Reganon E, Vila V, Martinez-Sales V, Vaya A, Mira Y, Ferrando F, et al. Sialic acid is an inflammation marker assosiated with a history of deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Res 2007;119: 73–8.10.1016/j.thromres.2005.12.017Search in Google Scholar
29. Camejo G, López A, López F, Quiñones J. Interaction of low density lipoproteins with arterial proteoglycans. The role of charge and sialic acid content. Atherosclerosis 1985;55:93–105.10.1016/0021-9150(85)90169-8Search in Google Scholar
30. Filipovic I, Buddecke E. Desialized low-density lipoprotein regulates cholesterol metabolism in receptor-deficient fibroblasts. Eur J Biochem 1979;101:119–22.10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb04223.xSearch in Google Scholar
31. Tertov VV, Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA, Gabbasov ZA, Popov EG, Yaroslavov AA, et al. Three types of naturally occurring modified lipoproteins induce intracellular lipid accumulation due to lipoprotein aggregation. Circ Res 1992;71:218–28.10.1161/01.RES.71.1.218Search in Google Scholar
32. Orekhov AN, Tertov VV, Sobenin IA, Smirnov VN, Via DP, Guevara J Jr, et al. Sialic acid content of human low density lipoproteins affects their interaction with cell receptors and intracellular lipid accumulation. J Lipid Res 1992;33:805–17.10.1016/S0022-2275(20)41506-8Search in Google Scholar
33. Tanaka K, Tokumaru S, Kojo S. Possible involvement of radical reactions in desialylation of LDL. FEBS Lett 1997;413:202–4.10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00917-4Search in Google Scholar
34. Cerne D, Jurgens G, Ledinski G, Kager G, Greilberger J, Lukac-Bajalo J. Relationship between the sialic acid content of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and autoantibodies to oxidized LDL in the plasma of healthy subjects and patients with atherosclerosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002;40:15–20.10.1515/CCLM.2002.004Search in Google Scholar
35. Goldberg IJ, Huang LS, Huggins LA, Yu S, Nagareddy PR, Scanlan TS, et al. Thyroid hormone reduces cholesterol via a non-LDL receptor-mediated pathway. Endocrine 2012;153:5143–9.10.1210/en.2012-1572Search in Google Scholar
36. Vassev K, Olczyk K. Free radical activity and antioxidant defense mechanisms in patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease during therapy. Clin Chim Acta 2000;300:107–17.10.1016/S0009-8981(00)00306-5Search in Google Scholar
37. Komosinska-Vassev K, Olczyk K, Kucharz EJ. Free radical activity and antioxidant defense mechanisms in patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease during therapy. Clin Chem Acta 2000;300:107–17.10.1016/S0009-8981(00)00306-5Search in Google Scholar
38. Dumitriu L, Bartoc R, Ursu H, Purice M, Ionescu V. Significance of high levels of serum malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin (CP) in hyper and hypothyroidism. Endocrinologie 1988;26:35–8.Search in Google Scholar
39. Asayama K, Kato K. Oxidative muscular injury and its relevance to hyperthyroidism. Free Radic Biol Med 1990;8:293–303.10.1016/0891-5849(90)90077-VSearch in Google Scholar
40. Bianchi G, Solaroli E, Zaccheroni V. Oxidative stress and anti-oxidant metabolites in patients with hyperthyroidism: effect of treatment. Horm Metab Res 1999;31:620–4.10.1055/s-2007-978808Search in Google Scholar PubMed
©2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Antidepressant and anxiolytic-like, sedation and hypnosis
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Neuropharmacological and neurochemical evaluation of N-n-propyl-3-ethoxyquinoxaline-2-carboxamide (6n): a novel serotonergic 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for co-morbid antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like potential using traumatic brain injury model in rats
- Neuropharmacological evaluation of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)(3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-yl) methanone (6g) on lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety models in mice
- Effect of Salacia reticulata W. and Clitoria ternatea L. on the cognitive and behavioral changes in the streptozotocin-induced young diabetic rats
- In vivo sedative and hypnotic activities of methanol extract from the leaves of Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm.f.) Hallier f. in Swiss Albino mice
- Reproduction
- Bonny light crude oil-induced alteration in levels of testicular stress proteins is accompanied by apoptosis in rats after treatment withdrawal
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Interactions
- Meteorological parameters and pollutants on asthma exacerbation in Bangalore, India – an ecological retrospective time-series study
- Oxidative Stress
- Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of leaf extract and fractions of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright
- Oxidative stress, histopathological and electron microscopic alterations induced by dimethylnitrosamine in renal male mice and the protective effect of α-lipoic acid
- Effects of altered thyroid states on oxidative stress parameters in rats
- Metabolism
- The effects of smoking and nicotine ingestion on exercise heat tolerance
- Inflammation
- Investigation of antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of Persicaria orientalis leaves in rodents
- Infection
- Antiplasmodial activity of the ethanolic root bark extract of Icacina senegalensis in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei
- Phytotherapy
- Evaluation of cytotoxic, analgesic, antidiarrheal and phytochemical properties of Hygrophila spinosa (T. Anders) whole plant
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Antidepressant and anxiolytic-like, sedation and hypnosis
- Behavior and Neuroprotection
- Neuropharmacological and neurochemical evaluation of N-n-propyl-3-ethoxyquinoxaline-2-carboxamide (6n): a novel serotonergic 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for co-morbid antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like potential using traumatic brain injury model in rats
- Neuropharmacological evaluation of a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)(3-methoxyquinoxalin-2-yl) methanone (6g) on lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety models in mice
- Effect of Salacia reticulata W. and Clitoria ternatea L. on the cognitive and behavioral changes in the streptozotocin-induced young diabetic rats
- In vivo sedative and hypnotic activities of methanol extract from the leaves of Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm.f.) Hallier f. in Swiss Albino mice
- Reproduction
- Bonny light crude oil-induced alteration in levels of testicular stress proteins is accompanied by apoptosis in rats after treatment withdrawal
- Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Interactions
- Meteorological parameters and pollutants on asthma exacerbation in Bangalore, India – an ecological retrospective time-series study
- Oxidative Stress
- Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of leaf extract and fractions of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach) W.F. Wright
- Oxidative stress, histopathological and electron microscopic alterations induced by dimethylnitrosamine in renal male mice and the protective effect of α-lipoic acid
- Effects of altered thyroid states on oxidative stress parameters in rats
- Metabolism
- The effects of smoking and nicotine ingestion on exercise heat tolerance
- Inflammation
- Investigation of antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of Persicaria orientalis leaves in rodents
- Infection
- Antiplasmodial activity of the ethanolic root bark extract of Icacina senegalensis in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei
- Phytotherapy
- Evaluation of cytotoxic, analgesic, antidiarrheal and phytochemical properties of Hygrophila spinosa (T. Anders) whole plant
