Inhibition of key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas by water-extractable phytochemicals from unripe pawpaw fruit (Carica papaya)
Abstract
Background: Various parts of unripe pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn) fruit have been reportedly used for the management or treatment of diabetes mellitus in folklore medicine. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the inhibitory effects of the aqueous extract of different parts of unripe pawpaw fruit on key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas in vitro.
Methods: The aqueous extracts of the unripe pawpaw (C. papaya) fruit parts were prepared (1:20 w/v) and the ability of the extracts to inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase and SNP-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas in vitro was investigated.
Results: The results revealed that all the extracts inhibited α-amylase (IC50=0.87–1.11 mg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50=1.76–2.64 mg/mL) and SNP-induced lipid peroxidation (IC50=1.99–2.42 mg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. However, combination of the flesh, seed and peel in equal amounts had the highest inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities.
Conclusions: Strong inhibitory activities of the unripe pawpaw fruit against key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and SNP-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas could be part of the mechanism by which unripe pawpaw is used in the management/prevention of diabetes mellitus in folk medicine. However, combining the unripe pawpaw fruit parts in equal amounts exhibited synergistic properties on α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
Conflict of interest statement
Authors’ conflict of interest disclosure: The authors stated that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
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©2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Masthead
- Masthead
- Review
- The relationship between oxidative stress and exercise
- Original articles
- Testosterone promotes glucose intolerance, lipid disorder and oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic rats
- Inhibition of key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas by water-extractable phytochemicals from unripe pawpaw fruit (Carica papaya)
- Influence of gallic acid on oxidative stress-linked streptozotocin-induced pancreatic dysfunction in diabetic rats
- The evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of soft drink leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae) in rats
- Antioxidant activities for superoxide dismutase in patients with Crohn’s disease
- Resveratrol for prenatal-stress-induced oxidative damage in growing brain and its consequences on survival of neurons
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Articles in the same Issue
- Masthead
- Masthead
- Review
- The relationship between oxidative stress and exercise
- Original articles
- Testosterone promotes glucose intolerance, lipid disorder and oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic rats
- Inhibition of key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas by water-extractable phytochemicals from unripe pawpaw fruit (Carica papaya)
- Influence of gallic acid on oxidative stress-linked streptozotocin-induced pancreatic dysfunction in diabetic rats
- The evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of soft drink leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae) in rats
- Antioxidant activities for superoxide dismutase in patients with Crohn’s disease
- Resveratrol for prenatal-stress-induced oxidative damage in growing brain and its consequences on survival of neurons
- Hepatoprotective role of kaempferol during alcohol- and ΔPUFA-induced oxidative stress
- Evaluation of antiulcerogenic potential of antioxidant α-tocopherol in pylorus-ligated albino rats
- Comparison of the penetration and passage of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans through membranes loaded with tetracycline, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine: an in vitro study
- Sodium-hydrogen exchanger inhibitory potential of Malus domestica, Musa × paradisiaca, Daucus carota, and Symphytum officinale
- Methylglyoxal causes endothelial dysfunction: the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and AMP-activated protein kinase α
- Reversal of alcohol induced testicular hyperlipidemia by supplementation of ascorbic acid and its comparison with abstention in male guinea pigs
- A cross-sectional study of surveillance of adverse drug reactions in inpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital