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Heat: not black, not white. It’s gray!!!

  • Laxmi Prabha Singh , Medha Kapoor and Shashi Bala Singh EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 8, 2013
Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
From the journal Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology Volume 24 Issue 4

Abstract

Heat-related illness (HRI) is a broad term that includes clinical conditions ranging from heat cramps and syncope to heat exhaustion and heatstroke, which may result in death. HRIs are one of the major causes of death worldwide and continue to increase in severity with the rise in global temperature. The identification and estimation of heat-related morbidity and mortality is a major challenge. Heat stress manifests itself into respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disorders, leading to the attribution of the deaths caused by heat stress to these disorders. Although HRIs affect mankind in general, certain occupational workers such as soldiers and athletes are more prone. Various pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies have been employed to combat HRIs. Despite this, heat exposure results in significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, complete understanding of HRIs at physiological as well as molecular level is required to facilitate design of more efficient preventive and treatment strategies. The impact of heat on mankind is not just restricted to HRIs. Heat treatment, i.e., thermotherapy, has been used extensively since ancient times for relieving pain, making heat a two-edged sword. This review attempts to summarize various HRIs, their physiological and molecular basis, and the state-of-the-art techniques/research initiatives to combat the same. It also illustrates the application of thermotherapy as a means for improving quality of life and morbidity associated with several disease conditions such as fibromyalgia syndrome, heart diseases, cancer, chronic pain, and depression.

Keywords: heat acclimation (HA); heat-related illnesses (HRIs); heat shock protein (HSP); thermotherapy
Corresponding author: Dr. Shashi Bala Singh, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, Lucknow Road, New Delhi 110054, India, Phone: +91 11 23883101, E-mail:

We would like to thank Dr. Prasanna K. Reddy for his valuable inputs. We would also like to thank Mr. H. Kumar, Ms. N. Ponnappan and Mrs. S. Bajaj for their help and support.

Conflict of interest statement

Authors’ conflict of interest disclosure: The authors stated that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Research funding: None declared.

Employment or leadership: None declared.

Honorarium: None declared.

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Received: 2012-12-22
Accepted: 2013-5-13
Published Online: 2013-06-08
Published in Print: 2013-11-01

©2013 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. Masthead
  3. Review
  4. Heat: not black, not white. It’s gray!!!
  5. Original Articles
  6. Distribution of performance-related gene polymorphisms (ACTN3 R577X and ACE ID) in different ethnic groups of the Indian Army
  7. Birth month and longevity: birth month of victims of sudden (SCD, ≤1 h) and rapid (RCD, ≤24 h) cardiac deaths
  8. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 2 (HCN2) polymorphism is associated with chronic inflammatory periodontitis. A cross-sectional study
  9. The effect of coadministration of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on arsenic trioxide-induced testicular toxicity in adult rats
  10. Effect of acute immobilization stress with or without a heme oxygenase inducer on testicular structure and function in male albino rats
  11. Effect of Jobelyn® on intruder- and isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mice
  12. Dichloroacetate at therapeutic concentration alters glucose metabolism and induces regulatory T-cell differentiation in alloreactive human lymphocytes
  13. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities of ethanol root extract of Strophanthus hispidus DC (Apocynaceae)
  14. Acrolein-induced inflammatory signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells requires activation of serum response factor (SRF) and NFκB
  15. Nephroprotective activity of Cocculus hirsutus leaf extract in 5/6 nephrectomized rat model
  16. Toxicological evaluations of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in liver and kidney of male Wistar rats
  17. Nevirapine induces testicular toxicity in Wistar rats: reversal effect of kolaviron (biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seeds)
  18. Toxicity of Chevron Escravos crude oil and chemical dispersant on guinea pig testicular function
  19. Jobelyn® pretreatment ameliorates symptoms of psychosis in experimental models
https://doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2012-0080
Keywords for this article
heat acclimation (HA); heat-related illnesses (HRIs); heat shock protein (HSP); thermotherapy

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. Masthead
  3. Review
  4. Heat: not black, not white. It’s gray!!!
  5. Original Articles
  6. Distribution of performance-related gene polymorphisms (ACTN3 R577X and ACE ID) in different ethnic groups of the Indian Army
  7. Birth month and longevity: birth month of victims of sudden (SCD, ≤1 h) and rapid (RCD, ≤24 h) cardiac deaths
  8. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 2 (HCN2) polymorphism is associated with chronic inflammatory periodontitis. A cross-sectional study
  9. The effect of coadministration of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on arsenic trioxide-induced testicular toxicity in adult rats
  10. Effect of acute immobilization stress with or without a heme oxygenase inducer on testicular structure and function in male albino rats
  11. Effect of Jobelyn® on intruder- and isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mice
  12. Dichloroacetate at therapeutic concentration alters glucose metabolism and induces regulatory T-cell differentiation in alloreactive human lymphocytes
  13. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities of ethanol root extract of Strophanthus hispidus DC (Apocynaceae)
  14. Acrolein-induced inflammatory signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells requires activation of serum response factor (SRF) and NFκB
  15. Nephroprotective activity of Cocculus hirsutus leaf extract in 5/6 nephrectomized rat model
  16. Toxicological evaluations of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in liver and kidney of male Wistar rats
  17. Nevirapine induces testicular toxicity in Wistar rats: reversal effect of kolaviron (biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seeds)
  18. Toxicity of Chevron Escravos crude oil and chemical dispersant on guinea pig testicular function
  19. Jobelyn® pretreatment ameliorates symptoms of psychosis in experimental models
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