Treatment of VX Hydrolysate with Ultraviolet Light and Hydrogen Peroxide
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Abstract
An engineering study was performed to evaluate the use of ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide to destroy caustic-neutralized VX nerve agent in the U.S. chemical agent stockpile as an alternative to incineration. Whereas caustic neutralization completely destroys VX, (3-ethyl-S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothiolate, the reaction leaves a complex two-phase mixture containing organic phosphates and organosulfur compounds which require treatment prior to ultimate disposal. Studies performed in laboratory-scale (320-mL), bench-scale (10-L) and pilot-scale (20-L) reactors demonstrated that the principal products of the caustic neutralization-ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA), methylphosphonic acid (MPA), 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl sulfide (RSR), disulfide (RSSR) and the other mixed sulfides-could be oxidized to inorganic sulfate, phosphate, ammonia and carbon dioxide. The reaction was zero order above 1000 mg/L and pseudo first order below. To mineralize 10,000 lb of VX per day to less than 10 mg/L organic carbon would require more than 1100 lamps of 30 kW each.
© 2017 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Masthead
- Contents
- Preface
- Editorial
- Research Articles
- Integration of Chemical and Biological Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment: II. Recent Illustrations and Experiences
- Treatment of VX Hydrolysate with Ultraviolet Light and Hydrogen Peroxide
- Influence of Natural Organic Matter on Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds by the H2O2/VisUV Process
- Photoinduced Degradation of Environmental Pollutants in the Presence of O2-Free Ozone
- A Comparison of Acetophenone Photooxidation in Aqueous Media Via Direct Photolysis and TiO2 Photocatalysis
- Application of Advanced Oxidation Process Technologies to Extremely High TOC Containing Aqueous Solutions
- Kinetic Modeling for Process Optimization During the Free-Radical Treatment of Nitro Compounds in Aqueous Solution
- Combination of UV Oxidation with Other Treatment Technologies for the Remediation of Contaminated Water
- UV/H2O2 Degradation and Toxicity Reduction of Textile Azo Dyes: Remazol Black-B, a Case Study
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Masthead
- Contents
- Preface
- Editorial
- Research Articles
- Integration of Chemical and Biological Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment: II. Recent Illustrations and Experiences
- Treatment of VX Hydrolysate with Ultraviolet Light and Hydrogen Peroxide
- Influence of Natural Organic Matter on Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds by the H2O2/VisUV Process
- Photoinduced Degradation of Environmental Pollutants in the Presence of O2-Free Ozone
- A Comparison of Acetophenone Photooxidation in Aqueous Media Via Direct Photolysis and TiO2 Photocatalysis
- Application of Advanced Oxidation Process Technologies to Extremely High TOC Containing Aqueous Solutions
- Kinetic Modeling for Process Optimization During the Free-Radical Treatment of Nitro Compounds in Aqueous Solution
- Combination of UV Oxidation with Other Treatment Technologies for the Remediation of Contaminated Water
- UV/H2O2 Degradation and Toxicity Reduction of Textile Azo Dyes: Remazol Black-B, a Case Study
