Startseite Reducing multipath effect of low-cost GNSS receivers for monitoring by considering temporal correlations
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Reducing multipath effect of low-cost GNSS receivers for monitoring by considering temporal correlations

  • Li Zhang EMAIL logo und Volker Schwieger
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 27. März 2020
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

The investigations on low-cost single frequency GNSS receivers at the Institute of Engineering Geodesy (IIGS) show that u-blox GNSS receivers combined with low-cost antennas and self-constructed L1-optimized choke rings can reach an accuracy which almost meets the requirements of geodetic applications (see Zhang and Schwieger [25]). However, the quality (accuracy and reliability) of low-cost GNSS receiver data should still be improved, particularly in environments with obstructions. The multipath effects are a major error source for the short baselines. The ground plate or the choke ring ground plane can reduce the multipath signals from the horizontal reflector (e. g. ground). However, the shieldings cannot reduce the multipath signals from the vertical reflectors (e. g. walls).

Because multipath effects are spatially and temporally correlated, an algorithm is developed for reducing the multipath effect by considering the spatial correlations of the adjoined stations (see Zhang and Schwieger [24]). In this paper, an algorithm based on the temporal correlations will be introduced. The developed algorithm is based on the periodic behavior of the estimated coordinates and not on carrier phase raw data, which is easy to use. Because, for the users, coordinates are more accessible than the raw data. The multipath effect can cause periodic oscillations but the periods change over time. Besides this, the multipath effect’s influence on the coordinates is a mixture of different multipath signals from different satellites and different reflectors. These two properties will be used to reduce the multipath effect. The algorithm runs in two steps and iteratively. Test measurements were carried out in a multipath intensive environment; the accuracies of the measurements are improved by about 50 % and the results can be delivered in near-real-time (in ca. 30 minutes), therefore the algorithm is suitable for structural health monitoring applications.

References

[1] Axelrad, P., C. Comp, and P. MacDoran (1994). Use of signal-to-noise ratio for multipath error correction in GPS differential phase measurements: methodology and experimental results. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, Salt Lake City, pp. 655–666.Suche in Google Scholar

[2] Choi, K., A. Bilich, K. M. Larson, and P. Axelrad (2004). Modified sidereal filtering: Implications for high-rate GPS positioning. Geophysical Research Letters, doi: 10.1029/2004GL021621.Suche in Google Scholar

[3] Dilßner, F. (2007): Zum Einfluss des Antennenumfeldes auf die hochpräzise GNSS-Positionsbestimmung. Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten der Fachrichtung Geodäsie und Geoinformatik der Leibniz Universität Hannover, Nr. 271.Suche in Google Scholar

[4] Filippov, V., D. Tatarnicov, J. Ashjaee, A. Astakhov, and I. Sutiagin (1998). The first dual-depth dual-frequency choke ring. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, Nashville.Suche in Google Scholar

[5] Georgiadou, Y, and A. Kleusberg (1988). On carrier signal multipath effects in relative GPS positioning. Manuscripta Geodaetica 13: pp. 172–199.Suche in Google Scholar

[6] Glabsch, J., O. Heunecke, S. Pink, and S. Schubäck (2010). Nutzung von Low-Cost GNSS Empfängern für ingenieurgeodätische Überwachungsaufgaben. In: GNSS 2010 – Vermessung und Navigation im 21. Jahrhundert. DVW-Schriftenreihe, Band 63, Wißner-Verlag, Augsburg, pp. 113–129.Suche in Google Scholar

[7] Heister, H., R. Hollmann, and M. Lang (1997). Multipath-Einfluß bei GPS-Phasenmessungen: Auswirkungen und Konsequenzen für praktische Messungen. In: AVN, Band 5, pp. 166–177.Suche in Google Scholar

[8] Irsigler, M. (2008). Multipath Propagation, Mitigation and Monitoring in the Light of Galileo and the Modernized GPS. Dissertation, Bundeswehr University Munich.Suche in Google Scholar

[9] Krantz, E., S. Riley, and P. Large (2001). The Design and Performance of the Zephyr Geodetic Antenna. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, Salt Lake City, pp. 11–14.Suche in Google Scholar

[10] Kunysz, W. (2003). A Three Dimensional Choke Ring Ground Plane Antenna. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, Portland, pp. 1883–1888.Suche in Google Scholar

[11] Limpach, P. (2009). Rock glacier monitoring with low-cost GPS: Case study at Dirru glacier, Mattertal. AHORN, Zurich.Suche in Google Scholar

[12] Ray, J. K., M. E. Cannon, and P. Fenton (1998). Mitigation of Static Carrier Phase Multipath Effects Using Multiple Closely-Spaced Antennas. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, Nashville, pp. 1025–1034.Suche in Google Scholar

[13] Schwieger, V. (2007). High-Sensitivity GNSS – the Low-Cost Future of GPS? In: Proceedings on FIG Working Week, Hongkong.Suche in Google Scholar

[14] Schwieger, V. (2008). High-Sensitivity GPS – an Availability, Reliability and Accuracy Test. In: Proceedings on FIG Working Week, Stockholm.Suche in Google Scholar

[15] Schwieger, V. (2009). Accurate High-Sensitivity GPS for Short Baselines. In: Proceedings on FIG Working Week, Eilat.Suche in Google Scholar

[16] Schwieger, V., and A. Gläser (2005). Possibilities of Low Cost GPS Technology for Precise Geodetic Applications. In: Proceedings on FIG Working Week, Kairo.Suche in Google Scholar

[17] Tatarnikov, D., A. Astakhov, and A. Stepanenko (2011). Convex GNSS Reference Station Antenna. In: Proceeding of International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT), Hangzhou, pp. 6288–6291.10.1109/ICMT.2011.6002805Suche in Google Scholar

[18] TEQC (2014). http://facility.unavco.org/software/teqc/teqc.html. Last Access: 30.02.2014.Suche in Google Scholar

[19] Unavco (2014). https://www.unavco.org. Last Access: 23.11.2014.Suche in Google Scholar

[20] Van Dierendonck, A. J., P. Fenton, and T. Ford (1992). Theory and performance of narrow correlator spacing in a GPS receiver navigation. Journal of the Institute of Navigation 39(3): pp. 265–283.10.1002/j.2161-4296.1992.tb02276.xSuche in Google Scholar

[21] Wanninger, L., and May, M. (2000). Carrier Phase Multipath Calibration of GPS Reference Stations. In: Proceedings of ION GPS 2000, Salt Lake City, pp. 132–144.Suche in Google Scholar

[22] Wasoft (2015). http://www.wasoft.de/. Last Access: 23.09.2015.Suche in Google Scholar

[23] Weill, L. R. (1997). Conquering multipath: The GPS accuracy battle. GPS World 8(4): pp. 59–66.Suche in Google Scholar

[24] Zhang, L., and V. Schwieger (2016). Improving the quality of low-cost GPS receiver data for monitoring using spatial correlations. Journal of Applied Geodesy 10(2): pp. 119–129. ISSN (Online) 1862-9024, ISSN (Print) 1862-9016, doi: 10.1515/jag-2015-0022.Suche in Google Scholar

[25] Zhang, L., and V. Schwieger (2017). Investigation of a L1-optimized choke ring ground plane for a low-cost GPS receiver-system. Journal of Applied Geodesy 12(1): pp. 55–64. ISSN (Online) 1862-9024, ISSN (Print) 1862-9016, doi: 10.1515/jag-2017-0026.Suche in Google Scholar

[26] Zhang, L. (2016). Qualitätssteigerung von Low-Cost-GPS Zeitreihen für Monitoring Applikationen durch zeitlich-räumliche Korrelationsanalyse. Dissertation, University of Stuttgart.Suche in Google Scholar

[27] Zhang, L., I. Ionescu, and V. Schwieger (2018). Monitoring of the church tower in Herrenberg with Low-Cost GNSS. Journal of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre 9: pp. 23–28, ISSN 1454-1408, Bucharest, Romania.Suche in Google Scholar

[28] Zimmermann, F., Schmitz, B., Klingbeil, L., Kuhlmann, H. (2018) GPS multipath analysis using Fresnel zones. Sensors 2019(19(1)): p. 25, doi: 10.3390/s19010025.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Received: 2019-10-31
Accepted: 2020-03-13
Published Online: 2020-03-27
Published in Print: 2020-04-26

© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Heruntergeladen am 3.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/jag-2019-0059/html?lang=de
Button zum nach oben scrollen