Experimental investigation on the mechanical and wear behavior of epoxy/Indian almond/peepal hybrid composites
-
X. Roshan Xavier
,
K. Suderson
Abstract
Natural fiber-based hybrid composites are gaining more attention in industrial usage due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and simplicity of processing. In this research, an effort was made to create hybrid natural composites using Indian almond and peepal fibers for applications in the automotive industry. Composites were prepared with different volume fractions of Indian almond and peepal fibers using the hand layup process. The mechanical and tribological properties of the composites were tested. The epoxy/40 wt% peepal composite showed superior performance compared to all other composites due to the better strength of peepal fiber. Moreover, the same composite displayed the least wear loss and coefficient of friction (COF). The present study confirms that peepal fiber composites match the strength properties of existing industrial composite materials, and that they may be some of the alternative composites for automotive applications.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: X. Roshan Xavier: Research, data processing and manuscript preparation K. Suderson: Software handling, materials collection and manuscript preparation. K. Viswanath: Resources, plotting of results and manuscript preparation. D. Velmurugan: Manuscript preparation, review and editing.
-
Competing interests: The authors states no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Data availability: Not applicable.
References
Balaji, A., Sivaramakrishnan, K., Karthikeyan, B., Purushothaman, R., Swaminathan, J., Kannan, S., Udhayasankar, R., and Madieen, A.H. (2019). Study on mechanical and morphological properties of sisal/banana/coir fiber-reinforced hybrid polymer composites. J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 41: 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1881-x.Search in Google Scholar
Behera, S., Gautam, R.K., Mohan, S., and Chattopadhyay, A. (2021). Hemp fiber surface modification: its effect on mechanical and tribological properties of hemp fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Polym. Compos. 42: 5223–5236, https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26217.Search in Google Scholar
Binu Kumar, V.J., Bensam Raj, J., Karuppasamy, R., and Thanigaivelan, R. (2022). Influence of chemical treatment and moisture absorption on tensile behavior of neem/banana fibers reinforced hybrid composites: an experimental investigation. J. Nat. Fibers 19: 3051–3062, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1838995.Search in Google Scholar
Cavalcanti, D.K.K., Banea, M.D., Neto, J.S.S., Lima, R.A.A., Da Silva, L.F.M., and Carbas, R.J.C. (2019). Mechanical characterization of intralaminar natural fibre-reinforced hybrid composites. Compos. B. Eng. 175: 107149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107149.Search in Google Scholar
Chandramohan, D., Sathish, T., Kumar, S.D., and Sudhakar, M. (2020). Mechanical and thermal properties of jute/aloevera hybrid natural fiber reinforced composites. AIP Conf. Proc. 2283: 020084, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0024976.Search in Google Scholar
Chaudhary, V., Bajpai, P.K., and Maheshwari, S. (2018). Studies on mechanical and morphological characterization of developed jute/hemp/flax reinforced hybrid composites for structural applications. J. Nat. Fibers 15: 80–97, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2017.1320260.Search in Google Scholar
Choudhary, S., Haloi, J., Sain, M.K., and Saraswat, P. (2023). Advantages and applications of natural fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites in automobiles: a literature review. Adv. Modell. Opt. Manuf. Ind. Syst.: 645–659, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6107-6_46.Search in Google Scholar
Dattatreya, K., Kumar, S.S., Prasad, V.V.S.H., and Pati, P.R. (2023). Mechanical properties of waste natural fibers/fillers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites for automotive applications. Mater. Today: Proc., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.02.001.Search in Google Scholar
Jeyapragash, R., Srinivasan, V., and Sathiyamurthy, S.J. (2020). Mechanical properties of natural fiber/particulate reinforced epoxy composites–A review of the literature. Mater. Today: Proc. 22: 1223–1227, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.146.Search in Google Scholar
Jeyaraman, J., Jesuretnam, B.R., and Ramar, K. (2022). Effect of stacking sequence on dynamic mechanical properties of Indian almond–Kenaf fiber reinforced hybrid composites. J. Nat. Fibers 19: 4381–4392, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1858219.Search in Google Scholar
Joseph, D., Raj, J.B., and Ramar, K. (2022). Thermal analysis and kinetic study of Indian almond leaf by model-free methods. J. Nat. Fibers 19: 5793–5803, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1889442.Search in Google Scholar
Krishnapillai, S., Balasubramanian, K., and Jesuretnam, B.R. (2022). Experimental investigation on the mechanical and moisture absorption behavior of Indian almond–Veli Karuvelam hybrid composites. J. Nat. Fibers 19: 8702–8713, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1966571.Search in Google Scholar
Manickaraj, K., Ramamoorthi, R., Sathish, S., and Johnson Santhosh, A. (2023). A comparative study on the mechanical properties of African teff and snake grass fiber-reinforced hybrid composites: effect of bio castor seed shell/glass/SiC fillers. Int. Polym. Process. 38: 551–563, https://doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2023-4343.Search in Google Scholar
Muthukrishnan, S., Iyappalam Ramakrishnan, R., Chelliah, R., Krishnaswamy, H., Bensam Raj, J., and Ramar, K. (2022). Experimental investigation on thermal and transport properties of Indian Almond–Kenaf hybrid composites for construction applications. J. Nat. Fibers 19: 5782–5792, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1889440.Search in Google Scholar
Nampoothiri, E.N., Bensam Raj, J., Thanigaivelan, R., and Karuppasamy, R. (2022). Experimental investigation on mechanical and biodegradation properties of indian almond–kenaf fiber-reinforced hybrid composites for construction applications. J. Nat. Fibers 19: 292–302, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1739592.Search in Google Scholar
Natarajan, S., Pathinettampadian, G., Vadivel, M., Yesudasan, P.S.S., and Jesuretnam, B.R. (2022). Influence of nano-silica on mechanical properties of Indian almond fiber reinforced hybrid epoxy composites. J. Nat. Fiber 19: 12004–12014, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2048942.Search in Google Scholar
Natarajan, P., Rajasekaran, P., Mohanraj, M., and Devi, S. (2023). Mechanical and tribological properties of snake grass fibers reinforced epoxy composites: effect of Java plum seed filler weight fraction. Int. Polym. Process. 38: 582–592, https://doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2023-4376.Search in Google Scholar
Prabhu, L., Krishnaraj, V., Sathish, S., Gokulkumar, S., Karthi, N., Rajeshkumar, L., Balaji, D., Vigneshkumar, N., and Elango, K.S. (2021). A review on natural fiber reinforced hybrid composites: chemical treatments, manufacturing methods and potential applications. Mater. Today: Proc. 45: 8080–8085, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.280.Search in Google Scholar
Rahman, M., Das, S., and Hasan, M. (2018). Mechanical properties of chemically treated banana and pineapple leaf fiber reinforced hybrid polypropylene composites. Adv. Mater. Process. 4: 527–537, https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068x.2018.1468972.Search in Google Scholar
Rajamanickam, S.K., Ponnusamy, N., Mohanraj, M., and Julias Arulraj, A. (2023). Experimental investigation on mechanical and tribological characteristics of snake grass/sisal fiber reinforced hybrid composites. Int. Polym. Process. 38: 331–342, https://doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2022-4301.Search in Google Scholar
Ramasubbu, R. and Madasamy, S. (2022). Fabrication of automobile component using hybrid natural fiber reinforced polymer composite. J. Nat. Fibers 19: 736–746, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1761927.Search in Google Scholar
Rao, V.D.P., Dayan, G.M., and Geethika, V.N. (2018). Study of hardness and flexural strength of banyan and peepal fibre reinforced hybrid composites. MATEC Web Conf. 172: 04009, https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817204009.Search in Google Scholar
Saradha Paramashivaiah, V., Kuppusamy Ramamoorthy, P., Raju, G., and Duraisamy, V. (2022). Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of Indian almond fiber-reinforced composites prepared by different types of resins. J. Nat. Fibers 19: 15779–15789, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2134261.Search in Google Scholar
Sathees Kumar, S. (2020). Effect of natural fiber loading on mechanical properties and thermal characteristics of hybrid polyester composites for industrial and construction fields. Fibers Polym. 21: 1508–1514, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9853-4.Search in Google Scholar
Sekar, S., Suresh Kumar, S., Vigneshwaran, S., and Velmurugan, G. (2022). Evaluation of mechanical and water absorption behavior of natural fiber-reinforced hybrid biocomposites. J. Nat. Fibers 19: 1772–1782, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1788487.Search in Google Scholar
Soundhar, A. and Kandasamy, J. (2021). Mechanical, chemical and morphological analysis of crab shell/sisal natural fiber hybrid composites. J. Nat. Fibers 18: 1518–1532, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2019.1691127.Search in Google Scholar
Sundararaju Perinbakannan, A., Karuppusamy, M., and Ramar, K. (2022). Mechanical and water transport characterization of Indian almond–banana fibers reinforced hybrid composites for structural applications. J. Nat. Fibers 19: 7049–7059, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.1941489.Search in Google Scholar
Tapela, O., Dilli Babu, G., and Ranga Janardhana, G. (2022) An analysis of the behavior of peepal fiber reinforced polyester composites for tensile, flexural and impact strengths. In Recent trends in product design and intelligent manufacturing systems: select proceedings of IPDIMS 2021, pp. 417–428.10.1007/978-981-19-4606-6_39Search in Google Scholar
TirupathiKumar, J.S. and Hiremath, S.S. (2022). Investigation of mechanical characterisation and thermal performance of hybrid natural fiber composites for automotive applications. Fibers Polym. 23: 3505–3515, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-022-4576-3.Search in Google Scholar
Velmurugan, D., Jayakumar, J., Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin, A., and Raj, J.B. (2022). Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of hybrid composites made with banyan and peepal fibers. J. Nat. Fibers 19: 14183–14194, https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2117260.Search in Google Scholar
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Investigation of the effects of water uptake on the mechanical properties of wood dust particle filled Prosopis Juliflora reinforced phenol formaldehyde hybrid polymer composites
- Experimental investigation on mechanical and tribological analysis of pineapple leaf (Ananas comosus) and sisal (Agave sisalana) fibers reinforced hybrid epoxy composites
- An experimental study of weave pattern effect on the mechanical and dynamic behavior of composite laminates
- Structuring step dependent characteristics in joining using pin-like structures in the vibration welding process
- Fabrication of expandable graphite and soybean oil-based synergistic modified polyurethane foam with improved thermal stability and flame retardant properties
- Fabrication of electrospun nanofiber from a blend of PVC and PHB
- Investigation of mechanical and tribological performance of wood dust reinforced epoxy composite under dry, wet and heated contact condition
- Multi-layer co-extrusion blow molding
- Predicting part quality early during an injection molding cycle
- Optimizing laser-based micro-cutting for PMMA microfluidic device fabrication: thermal analysis and parameter optimization
- Preparation of PVDF/PVA composite films with micropatterned structures on light-cured 3D printed molds for hydrophilic modification of PVDF
- Evaluation of thermal contact resistance of molten resin–mold interface during high-thermal-conductivity polyphenylene sulfide filling in injection molding
- Effect of sinusoidal pulsating speed enhancement on the mixing performance of plastics machinery
- Experimental investigation on the mechanical and wear behavior of epoxy/Indian almond/peepal hybrid composites
- Exploration of the thermal and mechanical characteristics of polymethyl methacrylate-based copolymers: implications for wind turbine blades applications
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Investigation of the effects of water uptake on the mechanical properties of wood dust particle filled Prosopis Juliflora reinforced phenol formaldehyde hybrid polymer composites
- Experimental investigation on mechanical and tribological analysis of pineapple leaf (Ananas comosus) and sisal (Agave sisalana) fibers reinforced hybrid epoxy composites
- An experimental study of weave pattern effect on the mechanical and dynamic behavior of composite laminates
- Structuring step dependent characteristics in joining using pin-like structures in the vibration welding process
- Fabrication of expandable graphite and soybean oil-based synergistic modified polyurethane foam with improved thermal stability and flame retardant properties
- Fabrication of electrospun nanofiber from a blend of PVC and PHB
- Investigation of mechanical and tribological performance of wood dust reinforced epoxy composite under dry, wet and heated contact condition
- Multi-layer co-extrusion blow molding
- Predicting part quality early during an injection molding cycle
- Optimizing laser-based micro-cutting for PMMA microfluidic device fabrication: thermal analysis and parameter optimization
- Preparation of PVDF/PVA composite films with micropatterned structures on light-cured 3D printed molds for hydrophilic modification of PVDF
- Evaluation of thermal contact resistance of molten resin–mold interface during high-thermal-conductivity polyphenylene sulfide filling in injection molding
- Effect of sinusoidal pulsating speed enhancement on the mixing performance of plastics machinery
- Experimental investigation on the mechanical and wear behavior of epoxy/Indian almond/peepal hybrid composites
- Exploration of the thermal and mechanical characteristics of polymethyl methacrylate-based copolymers: implications for wind turbine blades applications
