Fabrication of soybean oil-based polyol modified polyurethane foam from ammonium polyphosphate and its thermal stability and flame retardant properties

Xu Zhang; Zhaoqian Wang; Simiao Sun; Dehe Yuan; Yueqi Wen; Zhanpeng Su; Zhi Wang; Hua Xie

doi:10.1515/ipp-2023-4399

Article

Fabrication of soybean oil-based polyol modified polyurethane foam from ammonium polyphosphate and its thermal stability and flame retardant properties

Xu Zhang , Zhaoqian Wang , Simiao Sun , Dehe Yuan , Yueqi Wen , Zhanpeng Su , Zhi Wang and Hua Xie

Published/Copyright: September 8, 2023

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From the journal International Polymer Processing Volume 39 Issue 1

Abstract

Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) were prepared using biomass soybean oil-based polyol and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as raw materials. The effects of APP on the thermal stability and combustion performance of soybean oil-based polyol-modified RPUFs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis kinetic analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, cone calorimetry (CONE), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and smoke density (Ds). The results showed that the modified RPUF with 20 wt% APP (RPUF-S3-20) had the lowest mass loss, the highest integrated programmed decomposition temperature and the highest activation energy. In addition, RPUF-S3-20 had the lowest Ds (30.9), the highest light transmittance (61.4 %), the lowest heat release rate (602.7 kW/m², 506.8 MJ/m², and 847.3 kW/m²) and the total heat release (18.3 MJ/m², 21.4 MJ/m², and 31.4 MJ/m²), which showed that RPUF-S3-20 had good thermal stability and flame retardant performance. The current results can provide an effective reference for the preparation of environmentally friendly RPUF by bio-based modification.

Keywords: polyurethane foam; soybean oil-based polyols; ammonium polyphosphate; thermal stability; flame retardant performance

Corresponding author: Xu Zhang, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aircraft Fire Explosion Control and Reliability Airworthiness Technology, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China; and School of Safety Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China, E-mail: xuzhang@sau.edu.cn

Acknowledgements

The financial support from Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (Grant No. JYT2020011) is greatly acknowledged.

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department (Grant No. JYT2020011).
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Received: 2023-05-29

Accepted: 2023-08-14

Published Online: 2023-09-08

Published in Print: 2024-03-25

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2023-4399

Keywords for this article

polyurethane foam; soybean oil-based polyols; ammonium polyphosphate; thermal stability; flame retardant performance