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An ethnography of the standardization reform: A case of policy-making in the context of the Upper Perené Arawak community of Peru

  • Elena Mihas EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 2, 2015

Abstract

This study offers an on-the-ground perspective on the multi-layered process of the Ashéninka and Asháninka state-initiated standardization reform, with the Upper Perené Ashéninka of Peru being a case in point. The reform is carried out in the context of the dramatic decline in the Ashéninka Perené language use due to the community-wide shift to the national language, Spanish. Presented within the ethnographic framework, the analysis focuses on the community’s own view of the national language policy, revealed in the speakers’ language allegiances and attitudes to its own language and literacy, and that of the competing Tambo Asháninka variety, chosen by the government actors to be the written standard. On the basis of a comprehensive video and audio corpus, the ethnography considers conflictive discursive histories of the policy-makers including those of language consultants, bilingual teachers, tribal and political leadership and educational policy agents. The on-the-ground implementation of the standardization reform is supported by the younger generation of speakers who generally have a passive knowledge of the Upper Perené language. Older policy-makers, organized into a language consultant team, have launched resistance projects including the production of Upper Perené books and dictionaries which use the language community’s own spelling conventions.

Acknowledgments

The material presented in this study is based upon fieldwork conducted in 2009–2014 and supported by the National Science Foundation Grant BCS-0901196, the Endangered Languages Documentation Program Small Grant 0002, the Firebird Foundation for Anthropological Research Grant, the James Cook University Faculty Grant and the Language and Culture Research Centre of James Cook University, which the author acknowledges with gratitude. Special thanks are due to the native community of Upper Perené Ashéninka (Arawak). The author is grateful to Sasha Aikhenvald for the comments on an early draft and to Bernadette O’Rourke for the detailed feedback on the final draft.

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Published Online: 2015-6-2
Published in Print: 2015-7-1

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