Analysis of the Empathic Concern Subscale of the Emotional Response Questionnaire in a Study Evaluating the Impact of a 3D Cultural Simulation

References

Alonso, J. A. (2011). International migration and development: A review in light of the crisis (CDP Background Paper No. 11(E)). New York: United Nations Development Policy and Analysis Division.Suche in Google Scholar

Australian Medical Council Limited. (2012). Standards for assessment and accreditation of primary medical programs by the Australian Medical Council. Retrieved from http://www.amc.org.au/index.php/component/content/article/91-news/615-accred-review-dec-21Suche in Google Scholar

Batson, C. D., Fultz, J., & Schoenrade, P. A. (1987). Distress and empathy: Two qualitatively distinct vicarious emotions with different motivational consequences. Journal of Personality, 55(1), 19–39. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/36/7/752/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00426.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed

Blomberg, K., Griffiths, P., Wengström, Y., May, C., & Bridges, J. (2016). Interventions for compassionate nursing care: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 62, 137–155. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.07.009Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Bosse, H., Schultz, J., & Nickel, M. (2012). The effect of using standardised patient or peer role play on ratings of undergraduate communication training: A randomized control trial. Patient Educational Counselling, 87(3), 300–306.10.1016/j.pec.2011.10.007Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Brown, T. A., & Moore, M. T. (2012). Confirmatory factor analysis. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Handbook of structural equation modeling (pp. 361–379). New York: Guilford Publications.Suche in Google Scholar

Brunero, S., Lamont, S., & Coates, M. (2010). A review of empathy education in nursing. Nursing Inquiry, 17(1), 65–74. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1800.2009.00482.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed

Bunn, W., & Terpstra, J. (2009). Cultivating empathy for the mentally ill using simulated auditory hallucinations. Academic Psychiatry, 33(6), 457–460. doi:10.1176/appi.ap.33.6.457Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Coke, J. S., Batson, C. D., & McDavis, K. (1978). Empathic mediation of helping: A two-stage model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 752–766. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.7.752Suche in Google Scholar

Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1–9. Retrieved from pareonline.net/pdf/v10n7.pdfSuche in Google Scholar

Costello, J., & Haggart, M. (2008). The nature of nursing: Can we teach students how to care? Care. 2, 41–55. Retrieved from http://www.gcu.ac.uk/care/issuesarchive/issue2volume2/vol2iss2.the-nature-of-nursing.can-we-teach-students-how-to-care.-8310.pdfSuche in Google Scholar

Coughlin, K. B. (2013). An analysis of factor extraction strategies: A comparison of the relative strengths of Principal Axis, Ordinary Least Squares, and Maximum Likelihood in research contexts that include both categorical and continuous variables (Doctor of Philosophy). Florida USA: University of South Florida. Retrieved from http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4459Suche in Google Scholar

Courtney-Pratt, H., Levett-Jones, T., Lapkin, S., Pitt, V., Gilligan, C., Van Der Riet, P., … Everson, N. (2015). Development and psychometric testing of the Satisfaction with Cultural Simulation Experience Scale. Nurse Education in Practice, 15(6), 530–536. doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2015.07.009Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Cunico, L., Sartori, R., Marognolli, O., & Meneghini, A. M. (2012). Developing empathy in nursing students: A cohort longitudinal study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(13-14), 2016–2025. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04105.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed

Daepen, J., Fortini, C., & Bertholet, N. (2012). Training medical students to conduct motivational interviewing: A randomized control trial. Patient Educational Counselling, 87(3), 313–318. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2011.12.005Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Davis, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10(85). Retrieved from www.uv.es/~friasnav/Davis_1980.pdSuche in Google Scholar

Department of Health. (2002). Learning from Bristol: The Department of Healths’ response to the report of the public enquiry into children’s heart surgery at the Bristol Royal infirmary 1984–1995. London, UK.: HMSO.Suche in Google Scholar

de-Winter, J. C. F., & Dodou, D. (2010). Five-Point Likert items: T-test versus Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 15(11), 1–16. Retrieved from http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=15&n=11Suche in Google Scholar

Divi, C., Koss, R. G., Schmaltz, S. P., & Loeb, J. M. (2007). Language proficiency and adverse events in US hospitals: A pilot study. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(2), 60–67. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzl069Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Dovidio, J. F., Johnson, J. D., Gaertner, S. L., Pearson, A. R., Saguy, T., Ashburn-Nardo, L., & Mikulincer, M. (2010). Empathy and intergroup relations. In P. R. Shaver (Ed.), Prosocial motives, emotions, and behavior: The better angels of our nature (pp. 393–408). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.10.1037/12061-020Suche in Google Scholar

Doyle, C., Lennox, L., & Bell, D. (2013). A systematic review of evidence on the links between patient experience and clinical safety and effectiveness. British Medical Journal, 3(1). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001570Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Drwecki, B. B., Moore, C. F., Ward, S. E., & Prkachin, K. M. (2011). Reducing racial disparities in pain treatment: The role of empathy and perspective-taking. Pain, 152(5), 1001–1006. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.005Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Everson, N., Levett-Jones, T., Lapkin, S., Pitt, V., Van Der Riet, P., Rossiter, R., … Courtney-Pratt, H. (2015). Measuring the impact of a 3D simulation experience on nursing students’ cultural empathy using a modified version of the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(19-20), 2849–2858. doi:10.1111/jocn.12893Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Everson, N., Levett-Jones, T., & Pitt, V. (under review). The impact of educational interventions on the empathic concern of health professional students: A literature review.Suche in Google Scholar

Francis, R. (2013). Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Public Inquiry. London. Retrieved from www.midstaffspublicinquiry.comSuche in Google Scholar

Garling, P. (2008). Final report of the special commission of enquiry: Acute care in New South Wales public hospitals. Retrieved from http://www.dpc.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/34194/Overview_-_Special_Commission_Of_Inquiry_Into_Acute_Care_Services_In_New_South_Wales_Public_Hospitals.pdfSuche in Google Scholar

Gaskin, C. J., & Happell, B. (2014). On exploratory factor analysis: A review of recent evidence, an assessment of current practice, and recommendations for future use. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(3), 511–521. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.10.005Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

George, D., & Mallery, P. (2000). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 9.0 update (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Suche in Google Scholar

Hair, J. F. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. (6th Pearson international ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.Suche in Google Scholar

Hein, G., Silani, G., Preuschoff, K., Batson, C. D., & Singer, T. (2010). Neural responses to ingroup and outgroup members’ suffering predict individual differences in costly helping. Neuron, 68(1), 149–160. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.003Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Henderson, S., & Kendall, E. (2011). Culturally and linguistically diverse peoples’ knowledge of accessibility and utilisation of health services: Exploring the need for improvement in health service delivery. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 17, 195–201. doi:10.1071/PY10065Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Henry, B., Ozier, A., & Johnson, A. (2011). Empathetic responses and attitudes about older adults: How experience with the aging game measures up. Educational Gerontology, 37(10), 924–941. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2010.495540Suche in Google Scholar

Hodges, S. D., Kiel, K. J., Kramer, A. D., Veach, D., & Villanueva, B. R. (2010). Giving birth to empathy: The effects of similar experience on empathic accuracy, empathic concern, and perceived empathy. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 398–409. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209350326Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Holgado–Tello, F. P., Chacón–Moscoso, S., Barbero–García, I., & Vila–Abad, E. (2010). Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables. Quality and Quantitiy: International Journal of Methodology, 44(1), 153–166. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11135-008-9190-y10.1007/s11135-008-9190-ySuche in Google Scholar

Horner, R. D., Salazar, W., Geiger, H. J., Bullock, K., Corbie-Smith, G., & Cornog, M., …. Working Group on Changing Health Care Professionals’ Behavior. (2004). Changing healthcare professionals’ behaviors to eliminate disparities in healthcare: What do we know? How might we proceed? The American Journal of Managed Care, 10 Spec No, SP12–19. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15481432Suche in Google Scholar

Huang, M. (2001). Measuring ad-evoked love. In M. C. Gilly & J. Meyers-Levy (Eds.), Advances in consumer research (Vol. 28, pp. 295–300). Valdosta, GA: Association for Consumer Research.Suche in Google Scholar

Hunter, W. C. (2008). The value of the filmic encounter as a pedagogical tool for empathy promotion in allied health undergraduates (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). New Jearsey, USA: Drew University.Suche in Google Scholar

IBM Corp. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.Suche in Google Scholar

Klimecki, O. M., Leiberg, S., Ricard, M., & Singer, T. (2014). Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(6), 873–879. doi:10.1093/scan/nst060Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Knox, J. (2013). ‘Feeling for’ and ‘feeling with’: Developmental and neuroscientific perspectives on intersubjectivity and empathy. The Journal of Analytical Psychology, 58(4), 491–509. doi:10.1111/1468-5922.12029Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Konrath, S. H., O’Brien, E. H., & Hsing, C. (2011). Changes in dispositional empathy in American college students over time: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(2), 180–198. doi:10.1177/1088868310377395Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Laher, S. (2010). Using exploratory factor analysis in personality research: Best-practice recommendations. SA Journal Of Industrial Psychology, 36(1), 1–7. doi:doi:10.4102/sajip.v36i1.873Suche in Google Scholar

Lamothe, M., Boujut, E., Zenasni, F., & Sultan, S. (2014). To be or not to be empathic: The combined role of empathic concern and perspective taking in understanding burnout in general practice. BMC Family Practice, 15, 15. doi:10.1186/1471-2296-15-15Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Lee, C. H., Yun, J. M., Han, J. S., Park, S. M., Park, Y. S., & Hong, S. K. (2012). The prevalence of chronic diseases among migrants in Korea according to their length of stay and residential status. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 33, 34–43. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.1.34Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Lishner, D. A., Batson, C. D., & Huss, E. (2011). Tenderness and sympathy: Distinct empathic emotions elicited by different forms of need. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(5), 614–625. doi:10.1177/0146167211403157Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Little, R. J. A. (1988). A test of Missing Completely at Random for multivariate data with missing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 83, 1198–1202. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1988.1047872210.1080/01621459.1988.10478722Suche in Google Scholar

Lumley, T., Diehr, P., Emerson, S., & Chen, L. (2002). The importance of the normality assumption in large public health data sets. Annual Review of Public Health, 23, 151–169. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.100901.140546Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Manolakis, M. L., Olin, J. L., Thornton, P. L., Dolder, C. R., & Hanrahan, C. (2011). A module on death and dying to develop empathy in student pharmacists. American Journal of Pharmacy Education, 75(4), 71. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2176914710.5688/ajpe75471Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

McCoach, D. B., Gable, R. K., & Madura, J. P. (2013). Instrument development in the affective domain: School and corporate applications (3rd ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag.10.1007/978-1-4614-7135-6Suche in Google Scholar

McDonald, J. H. (2014). Handbook of biological statistics (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Sparky House Publishing.Suche in Google Scholar

Mundfrom, D. J., Shaw, D. G., & Ke, T. (2005). Minimum sample size recommendations for conducting factor analyses. International Journal of Testing, 5(2), 159–168. doi:10.1207/s15327574ijt0502_4Suche in Google Scholar

Nelwamondo, F., Mohamed, S., & Marwala, T. (2007). Missing data: A comparison of Neural Network and Expectation Maximisation techniques. Retrieved November 1st, 2015 from http://arxiv.org/abs/0704.3474Suche in Google Scholar

Neumann, M., Edelhauser, F., Tauschel, D., Fischer, M. R., Wirtz, M., Woopen, C., … Scheffer, C. (2011). Empathy decline and its reasons: A systematic review of studies with medical students and residents. Academic Medicine, 86(8), 996–1009. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e318221e615Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Newsom, J. (2015). Practical Approaches to dealing with nonnormal and categorical variables. Retrieved November 1st, 2015 from www.upa.pdx.edu/IOA/newsom/semclass/ho_estimate2.pdfSuche in Google Scholar

Niezink, L. W. (2008). Considering others in need: On altruism, empathy and perspective taking (Doctor of Philosophy). Groningen, Netherlands: University of Groningen. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/1304451/Considering_others_in_need._On_altruism_empathy_and_perspective_takingSuche in Google Scholar

Niezink, L. W., Siero, F. W., Dijkstra, P., Buunk, A. P., & Barelds, D. P. H. (2012). Empathic concern: Distinguishing between tenderness and sympathy. Motivation and Emotion, 36(4), 544–549. doi:10.1007/s11031-011-9276-zSuche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2006). National competency standards for the registered nurse. Retrieved from http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/documents/default.aspx?record=WD10%2f1342&dbid=AP&chksum=N5ws04xdBlZijTTSdKnSTQ%3d%3dSuche in Google Scholar

O’Brien, E., Konrath, S. H., Gruhn, D., & Hagen, A. L. (2013). Empathic concern and perspective taking: Linear and quadratic effects of age across the adult life span. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(2), 168–175. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs055Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

O’Connor, B. P. (2015). paramap. R package version 1.0. Retrieved from https://people.ok.ubc.ca/brioconn/nfactors/paramap.pdfSuche in Google Scholar

Osborne, J., & Waters, E. (2002). Four assumptions of multiple regression that researchers should always test. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 8(2). Retrieved from http://PAREonline.net/getvn.asp?v=8&n=2Suche in Google Scholar

Palmer, N. R., Geiger, A. M., Felder, T. M., Lu, L., Case, L. D., & Weaver, K. E. (2013). Racial/Ethnic disparities in health care receipt among male cancer survivors. American Journal of Public Health, 103, 1306–1313. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301096Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Papadopoulos, I., & Ali, S. (2015). Measuring compassion in nurses and other healthcare professionals: An integrative review. Nurse Education in Practice, 16(1), 133–139. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2015.08.001Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Peng, J., & Woodrow, L. (2010). Willingness to communicate in english: A model in the chinese EFL classroom context. Language Learning, 60(4), 834–876. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00576.xSuche in Google Scholar

Pett, M. A., Lackey, N. R., & Sullivan, J. J. (2003). Making sense of factor analysis: The use of factor analysis for instrument development in health care research. London: Sage.10.4135/9781412984898Suche in Google Scholar

Post, S. G. (2011). Compassionate care enhancement: Benefits and outcomes. The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine, 1(4), 808–813. Retrieved from http://www.stonybrook.edu/bioethics/CCE.pdfSuche in Google Scholar

R Core Team. (2015). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Version 3.2.1 “World-Famous Astronaut” R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/Suche in Google Scholar

Rakel, D. P., Hoeft, T. J., Barrett, B. P., Chewning, B. A., Craig, B. M., & Niu, M. (2009). Practitioner empathy and the duration of the common cold. Family Medicine, 41(7), 494–501. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19582635Suche in Google Scholar

Ratner, B. (2013). The correlation coefficient: Definition. Retrieved November 1st, 2015 from http://www.dmstat1.com/res/TheCorrelationCoefficientDefined.htmlSuche in Google Scholar

Regula, C. G., Miller, J. J., Mauger, D. T., & Marks, J. G. (2007). Quality of care from a patient’s perspective. Archives of Dermatology, 143(12), 1589–1603. doi:10.1001/archderm.143.12.1592Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Revelle, W. (2015). psych. R Package version 1.5.6. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/psych/index.htmlSuche in Google Scholar

Rogers, I. A. (1986). The effects of undergraduate nursing education on empathy. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 8(3), 329–342. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/363967510.1177/019394598600800306Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36.10.18637/jss.v048.i02Suche in Google Scholar

Sarinopoulos, A. M. I. (2012). Listen up, doc: Empathy raises patients’ pain tolerance. Retrieved November 1st, 2015 from http://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2012/listen-up-doc-empathy-raises-patients-pain-tolerance/Suche in Google Scholar

Scott, H. (2011). Empathy in healthcare settings (Doctor of Philosophy). London: Goldsmiths, University of London. Retrieved from http://research.gold.ac.uk/6704/Suche in Google Scholar

Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2014). Dynamic functional integration of distinct neural empathy systems. Social Cognitive Affective Neuroscience, 9(1), 1–2. doi:10.1093/scan/nst107Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, G. E., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 21(6), 581–599. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/989125610.1023/A:1018700829825Suche in Google Scholar

Sinclair, S., Norris, J. M., McConnell, S. J., Chochinov, H. M., Hack, T. F., Hagen, N. A., … Bouchal, S. R. (2016). Compassion: A scoping review of the healthcare literature. BMC Palliative Care, 15(1), 6. doi:10.1186/s12904-016-0080-0Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

Sinclair, S., Russell, L. B., Hack, T. F., Kondejewski, J., & Sawatzky, R. (2016a). Measuring compassion in healthcare: A Comprehensive and critical review. The Patient, [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1007/s40271-016-0209-5Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Singer, T., & Klimecki, O. M. (2014). Empathy and compassion. Current Biology, 24(18), R875–R878. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.054Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Smedley, B. D., Stith, A. Y., & Nelson, A. R. (2009). Unequal treatment confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington: National Academies Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Treiblmaier, H., & Filzmoser, P. (2009). Exploratory factor analysis revisited: How robust methods support the detection of hidden multivariate data structures in is research. Retrieved 29th May, 2015, from http://www.statistik.tuwien.ac.at/forschung/SM/SM-2009-5complete.pdfSuche in Google Scholar

Walker, I. (2008). Null hypothesis testing and effect sizes. Retrieved 29th May, 2015, http://staff.bath.ac.uk/pssiw/stats2/page2/page14/page14.htmlSuche in Google Scholar

Ward, J., Cody, J., Schaal, M., & Hojat, M. (2012). The empathy enigma: An empirical study of decline in empathy among undergraduate nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 28(1), 34–40. doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2011.10.007Suche in Google Scholar PubMed

Woltin, K., Corneille, O., Yzerbyt, V. Y., & Förster, J. (2011). Narrowing down to open up for other people’s concerns: Empathic concern can be enhanced by inducing detailed processing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(2), 418–424. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.11.006Suche in Google Scholar

World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. (2010). How health systems can address health inequities linked to migration and ethnicity: Briefing on policy issues produced through the WHO/European Commission equity project. Copenhage: WHO Regional Office for Europe.Suche in Google Scholar

Yong, A. G., & Pearce, S. (2013). A beginner’s guide to factor analysis: Focusing on exploratory factor analysis. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 9(2), 79–94. Retrieved from www.tqmp.org/RegularArticles/vol09-2/p079/p07910.20982/tqmp.09.2.p079Suche in Google Scholar

Zygmont, C., & Smith, M. R. (2014). Robust factor analysis in the presence of normality violations, missing data, and outliers: Empirical questions and possible solutions. The Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 10(1), 40–55. Retrieved from http://www.tqmp.org/RegularArticles/vol10-1/p040/p040.pdf10.20982/tqmp.10.1.p040Suche in Google Scholar