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Evaluating Pb(II) adsorption capacity of aluminum terephthalate metal−organic framework

  • Pham Dinh Du ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: November 21, 2025
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International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 116 Issue 11-12

Abstract

Aluminum terephthalate metal−organic framework (MIL-53(Al)) was synthesized via the hydrothermal method. The influence of the molar ratio between AlCl3 and terephthalic acid (TA), reaction temperature, and material-treated temperature was investigated. The resulting MIL-53(Al) synthesized with the AlCl3/TA molar ratio of 1:0.5 and the reaction temperature ranging from 120 to 200 °C exhibits high crystallinity. The thermal treatment of as-synthesized MIL-53(Al) at 450 °C for 8 h unblocked the pores via the decomposition of unreacted TA molecules and enlarged the surface area of the material (from 11.4 m2 g−1 to 121.9 m2 g−1), while increasing Pb(II) removal efficiency. The Pb(II) adsorption on calcined MIL-53(Al) occurs favourably at low temperatures (<40 °C) and is exothermic. The adsorption is favourable according to the Langmuir isotherm, while moderately difficult according to the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption capacity for Pb(II) calculated from the Langmuir model is 28.09 mg g−1. The Pb(II) adsorption efficiency of the material increases significantly when pH increases from 2 to 6. The mechanism of the adsorption process is also discussed.

Keywords: adsorption; aluminum terephthalate; hydrothermal method; MOFs; Pb(II)
Corresponding author: Pham Dinh Du, Thu Dau Mot University, 06 Tran Van On, Phu Loi Ward, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, E-mail:

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: The author has accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The author states no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: This research is funded by Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam under grant number DT.25.1-091.

  7. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Received: 2024-08-21
Accepted: 2025-08-05
Published Online: 2025-11-21
Published in Print: 2025-12-17

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2024-0232
Keywords for this article
adsorption; aluminum terephthalate; hydrothermal method; MOFs; Pb(II)

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Original Papers
  3. A study on the effect of shielding gases on the GMAW-WAAM process and performance of WAAM-deposited low-carbon steel
  4. Synthesis and structural characterization of Al2TiO5–mullite composite
  5. Durian seed-derived gold nanoparticles: sustainable anticancer and catalytic applications from agricultural waste
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