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A complex impedance spectroscopy study on PVDF/PANI/CoFe2O4 composites

  • Mainak Swarnakar , Partha Sarathi Mandal , Rabindranath Gayen and Manish Pal Chowdhury ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: December 18, 2024
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International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 115 Issue 11-12

Abstract

The synthesis of polymer composites consisting of conducting polyaniline (PANI), cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is achieved by the polymerization technique. A nanocomposite consisting of polyaniline (PANI) and CoFe2O4 is prepared using the interfacial chemical oxidation polymerization technique, resulting in a composition containing 50 wt.% of CoFe2O4. Nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) were synthesized by using the sol–gel auto-combustion process. The PANI/CoFe2O4 (1:1) nanocomposites with weight percentages of 5, 10, 15, and 20 are incorporated into the PVDF matrix as fillers in order to alter the morphology and AC electrical conductivity of the PVDF/PANI/CoFe2O4 composite materials. The structural and morphological properties were studied using characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. At room temperature, impedance spectroscopy, dielectric measurements, and AC electrical conductivity were carried out in the frequency range of 40 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric permittivity has been shown to decline exponentially in low-frequency zones before remaining almost constant up to 5 MHz. When the frequency is increased up to 1 MHz, the AC conductivity of all composites remains constant; after that, it increases as the frequency increases. It was found that PANI-CoFe2O4 nanocomposites modified the overall charge transport mechanism by modulating the core grain and grain boundary. The experimental Nyquist plot for different composite samples was fitted by an appropriate RC electrical model to evaluate relaxation time. The relaxation time τ1 (R1C1) and τ2 (R2C2) were both reduced after the reinforcement of PANI-CoFe2O4 nanocomposites.

Keywords: Impedance spectroscopy; PVDF/PANI/CoFe2O4 composites; AC electrical conductivity; Relaxation frequency; Nyquist plot
Corresponding author: Manish Pal Chowdhury, Department of Physics, IIEST Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, 711103, India, E-mail:

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India, for providing instrument facilities (Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer and Shimadzu IRAffinity-1S) spectrophotometer for characterization measurements. The authors also grateful to Dr. Chandra Shekhar Pati Tripathi, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, India, for SEM.

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Informed consent: Not applicable.

  3. Author contributions: Mainak Swarnakar (first author): data curation (lead); formal analysis (lead); sample preparation (lead) investigation (lead); writing – original draft (lead). Partha Sarathi Mandal: formal analysis (supporting); sample preparation (supporting). Rabindranath Gayen: data curation (supporting). Manish Pal Chowdhury (corresponding author): supervision, Conceptualization (lead); methodology (lead); resources (lead); validation (equal); writing – review and editing (lead).

  4. Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.

  5. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  6. Research funding: UGC-DAE-CSR (Grant No.: 2021/CRS/37/05/327), India.

  7. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-02-12
Accepted: 2024-11-08
Published Online: 2024-12-18
Published in Print: 2024-11-26

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2024-0060
Keywords for this article
Impedance spectroscopy; PVDF/PANI/CoFe2O4 composites; AC electrical conductivity; Relaxation frequency; Nyquist plot

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. 5th International Conference on Processing and Characterization of Materials 2023 (ICPCM 2023)
  4. Original Papers
  5. Experimental studies on coal mine over-burden incorporated concrete as a sustainable substitute for fine aggregate in concrete construction
  6. A complex impedance spectroscopy study on PVDF/PANI/CoFe2O4 composites
  7. Optimizing electrical properties and efficiency of copper-doped CdS and CdTe solar cells through advanced ETL and HTL integration: a comprehensive experimental and numerical study
  8. Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite from Ariidea fish bone as reinforcement material for (chios mastic gum: papyrus vaccine pollen) bio composite bony scaffold
  9. Optimization of the process parameter of lean-grade self-reducing pellets by surface response modelling
  10. From raw materials to functional material: synthesis and piezoelectric characterization of PIN–PT binary relaxor material
  11. Effect of ball milling on bulk MoS2 and the development of Al–MoS2 nanocomposites by powder metallurgy route
  12. Effect of beeswax on the physico-mechanical properties of poly (butylene adipate terephthalate)/poly lactic acid blend films
  13. Effect of Y2O3, TiO2, ZrO2 dispersion on oxidation resistance of W–Ni–Nb–Mo alloys
  14. Multifunctional characterisation of pressureless sintered Al2O3 –CaTiO3 nanocomposite
  15. Silicon–carbon superhydrophobic nano-structure for next generation semiconductor industry
  16. Interrelation between mechanical and electromagnetic radiation emission parameters with variable notch-width ratios under tensile fracture in silicon steel
  17. Effect of tool rotation and welding speed on microstructural and mechanical properties of dissimilar AA6061-T6 and AA5083-H12 joint in friction stir welding
  18. Effect of bentonite and molasses binder content on physical and mechanical properties of green and fired mill scale pellets
  19. FA-GGBFS based geopolymer concrete incorporating CMRW and SS as fine and coarse aggregates
  20. Characteristic study of intra woven green fibers for structural application
  21. An experimental investigation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the study of mechanism of copper electrodeposition from an acidic bath
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  24. The influence of welding modes on metallic structures processed through WAAM
  25. Ultrasonic metal welding of Al/Cu joints with Ni coating: parametric effects on joint performance and microstructural modifications
  26. News
  27. DGM – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde
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