Bioactive surface modification of Ti–Nb alloy by alkaline treatment in potassium hydroxide solution

Nur Adila Amira Basry; Hussain Zuhailawati; Khairul Anuar Shariff

doi:10.1515/ijmr-2023-0359

Article

Bioactive surface modification of Ti–Nb alloy by alkaline treatment in potassium hydroxide solution

Nur Adila Amira Basry , Hussain Zuhailawati and Khairul Anuar Shariff

Published/Copyright: September 30, 2024

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From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 115 Issue 10

Abstract

The aim of this work is to compare the responsive behaviour of titanium, niobium and titanium–niobium alloy during alkaline treatment in forming alkaline titanate layer and their resultant bioactive properties. Titanium and niobium powder mixture with composition in the beta region was pressed at 550 MPa and sintered at 1,200 °C for 2 h. The alloy was soaked in potassium hydroxide aqueous solution at 60 °C for 24 h with different concentrations of 0.5 M and 5 M. The effect of post sintering-heat treatment was investigated by annealing the treated alloy at 600 °C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were used to evaluate the chemical composition and the functional group of material on the treated alloy surface respectively. Immersion in Hanks solution for 1 day resulted in traces of calcium and phosphate on alloy surfaces treated in different concentrations of alkali as well as post-heat treatment. The cell viability evaluation using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay on the new beta-Ti alloy with potassium-based titanate layer demonstrated potassium hydroxide treatment with a 5 M concentration after post-heat treatment significantly improved cell proliferation, which is a prerequisite for bone mineral apatite deposition.

Keywords: Titanium–niobium alloys; Alkaline treatment; Potassium hydroxide solution; Heat treatment; KOH

Corresponding author: Hussain Zuhailawati, School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineeering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Seberang Perai Selatan, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, E-mail: zuhaila@usm.my

Acknowledgments

Special thanks go to the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for Fundamental Research Grant Scheme with Project Code FRGS/1/2018/TK05/USM/01/5.

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Nur Adila Amira Basry was involved in writing the manuscript and data collection. Khairul Anuar Shariff contributed in technical discussion. Hussain Zuhailawati was involved in experimental design, technical discussion, writing the manuscript and principle investigators of the listed grants.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
Research funding: Fundamental Research Grant Scheme with Project Code FRGS/1/2018/TK05/USM/01/5.
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Received: 2023-12-10

Accepted: 2024-05-10

Published Online: 2024-09-30

Published in Print: 2024-10-28

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2023-0359

Keywords for this article

Titanium–niobium alloys; Alkaline treatment; Potassium hydroxide solution; Heat treatment; KOH