An investigation on NGR failure in Indian smart cities while replacing the existing overhead lines by underground cables
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Asit Kumar Mondal
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Debabrata Roy
Abstract
Nowadays, Indian power distribution companies (PDCs) are implementing smart distribution networks. Older cities are becoming smarter as per the recent government’s policy. Existing overhead distribution lines are being replaced by underground cables as an essential criterion of a smart city. One of the main problems arising in this process is the overheating of the neutral grounding resistor (NGR) in 11 kV distribution systems, even in normal conditions. NGRs, placed inside the substations, are overloading the air conditioning and exhaust systems of the substation. Sometimes failure of the NGR occurs due to overheating. In this paper, a comprehensive investigation has been carried out to reach the roots of this problem. It is observed that long underground cables have a higher ground capacitance than overhead distribution lines. Due to the higher cable capacitance, the third harmonic current circulates through neutral, which overheats the NGR even in normal conditions. The situation becomes worse when the substation runs on diesel generators (DGs) in an isolated state under main grid failure, as a higher amount of third-harmonic current circulates depending on the type of winding and pitch factor of the DGs. Different solutions are proposed, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Finally, the rating of the NGR is modified, and louvers-cooling fan arrangement is preferred for the running substation.
Funding source: Department of Science & Technology and Biotechnology, Govertment of West Bengal, India
Award Identifier / Grant number: 150(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/6G-11/2018 dated, 12/02/2019
Acknowledgments
The authors extend their sincere appreciation to the Research Laboratory of Electrical Engineering Department at Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, for their invaluable support and contributions to this study. The authors express heartfelt gratitude to all members of the laboratory who have directly or indirectly contributed to the advancement of this research endeavor.
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Research ethics: This is an original research work and not submitted anywhere for publication. Proper acknowledgement has been done. This work does not involve chemicals, procedures or equipment that have any unusual hazards inherent in their use. This work does not use animal or human subjects. There is no conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: This research was a collaborative effort among all authors. Asit Kumar Mondal and Dr Tapan Santra were responsible for conceptualizing and designing the study, as well as leading the project and providing overall direction and planning. Dr. Tapan Santra contributed to methodological development and conducted the experiments. Mr. Mondal participated in data analysis and interpretation, and played a significant role in drafting the manuscript and preparing figures and tables. Dr. Santra critically reviewed and edited the manuscript for intellectual content. Prof. Debabrata Roy offered administrative, technical, and material support. Prof. Satoshi Yamada supervised the research and provided guidance that influenced both the study and manuscript. Throughout the process, all authors engaged in discussions regarding the results and implications, and provided feedback on the manuscript at every stage.
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Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
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Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
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Research funding: Funded by Department of Science & Technology and Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal, India Order No: 150(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/6G-11/2018 dated, 12/02/2019.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Improving islanded distribution system stability with adaptive decision-making framework
- Sensorless control method of induction motors with new feedback gain matrix and speed adaptive law for low speed range
- An improved CB-DPWM strategy with NP voltage balance and switching loss reduction for 3-L NPC converter
- Single-ended protection scheme for three-terminal hybrid DC transmission system based on refractive coefficients
- Long-distance transmission conductor condition sensing based on distributed fiber optic sensing technology
- Data integrity cyber-attack mitigation using linear quadratic regulator based load frequency control in hybrid power system
- Investigation of DG units influence on 66 kV sub-transmission system network considering region load growth: a case study
- Influence of increasing Integration of Solar photovoltaic on Small Signal and Transient stability of Nigeria Power System
- Implementation of SOC-based power management algorithm in a grid-connected microgrid with hybrid energy storage devices
- Experimental studies on insulating oils for power transformer applications
- Power distribution system restoration based on soft open points and islanding by distributed generations
- Power coordination and control of DC Microgrid with PV and hybrid energy storage system
- An investigation on NGR failure in Indian smart cities while replacing the existing overhead lines by underground cables
