Data integrity cyber-attack mitigation using linear quadratic regulator based load frequency control in hybrid power system

Vivek Kapil; Sheetla Prasad

doi:10.1515/ijeeps-2024-0102

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Data integrity cyber-attack mitigation using linear quadratic regulator based load frequency control in hybrid power system

Vivek Kapil and Sheetla Prasad

Published/Copyright: September 20, 2024

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From the journal International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems Volume 26 Issue 4

Abstract

Hybrid power systems are the contemporary solution to meet the stiff climate change targets and also hold future for implementing distributed generation and microgrids. These systems have renewable sources as their key elements which in turn have high level of intermittency due to weather conditions and other reasons. At the same time, these hybrid power systems are also vulnerable to cyber threats owing to the intense adoption of various IoT Technologies (Internet of Things). Load frequency control (LFC) is a formidable task for the system operators under such scenario and robust control strategies are required to achieve the load frequency within tolerable limits. In this work Linear quadratic controller (LQR) has been proposed to address the challenges of hybrid power systems. Two area interconnected power systems are considered in this work with each one having different configuration with respect to source of power generation. Solar, wind, geo-thermal, electric vehicle charging infrastructure and pumped storage power plant are integrated together with conventional thermal power plant for showcasing the LQR based controller under data integrity cyber-attack scenario. The frequency response of the hybrid power system is demonstrated through MATLAB simulations.

Keywords: data integrity cyber-attack; hybrid power system; linear quadratic regulator (LQR); load frequency control (LFC)

Corresponding author: Vivek Kapil, Department of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Galgotias University, Plot No 2, Sector 17A, Yamuna Expressway, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India, E-mail: vivek.kapil_phd2019@galgotiasuniversity.edu.in

Vivek Kapil and Sheetla Prasad contributed equally to this work.

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
Informed consent: Not applicable.
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: None declared.
Data availability: Not applicable.

Appendix I

Where

p 1 = 1 T j 2

p 2 = e q h T j 2 − e q h T j 4 − h f 3 T w 3

p 3 = − 1 T j 4

p 4 = e q h T j 2 − e q h T j 4 + h f 3 T w 3

p 5 = e q h T j 2 − e q h T j 4 − ( 1 − e q h h f 3 e q h T w 3

p 6 = ( e q y e q h T y + e q h T j 2 − e q y T j 4 − h f 3 e q y e q h T w 3 )

e 1 = 1 T y , d 1 = − 1 T a

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Received: 2024-04-11

Accepted: 2024-09-04

Published Online: 2024-09-20

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2024-0102

Keywords for this article

data integrity cyber-attack; hybrid power system; linear quadratic regulator (LQR); load frequency control (LFC)