Comparative study on the efficacy of electromyography and galvanic skin resistance biofeedback in tension type headache: a single blinded randomized controlled trial
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Veena Bembalgi
und
Karkal Ravishankar Naik
Abstract
Background: Tension type headache is the most widespread and most common primary headache disorder accounting for nearly 90% of all headaches. Efficacy of electromyography biofeedback in patients with tension type headache has been proven but efficacy of galvanic skin resistance biofeedback has not been studied adequately. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of electromyography biofeedback and galvanic skin resistance biofeedback in patients with tension type headache.
Methods: We performed a randomized single blinded controlled study. Out of 116 recruited subjects, 91 (59 females and 32 males) were randomly assigned to three groups receiving electromyography biofeedback (n=30), galvanic skin resistance biofeedback (n=30), and a control group (n=31). Each subject (except the control group) received 15 biofeedback sessions for 30 min each in an isolated room. The control group received only medication prescribed by their physician. Each patient was blinded to the type of biofeedback being given. Pain variables, SF-36 quality of life scores, and analgesic usage were recorded at baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after therapy.
Results: There was a significant difference in frequency and duration of headache in electromyography and galvanic skin resistance groups (p<0.01), whereas the control group showed significant differences in intensity (p=0.05) and duration (p<0.001). Significant improvement was seen only in total SF-36 scores after 1 year in the electromyography and control groups (p=0.03 and p=0.00, respectively). A significant drop in analgesic usage was seen in all groups at 1 year (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Electromyography and galvanic skin resistance biofeedback are effective in the treatment of tension type headache, with electromyography biofeedback being more effective than galvanic skin resistance biofeedback.
I thank my friend Dr. Prashant Mukkannavar for guiding and helping me with statistical analysis for this study. This article is a part fulfillment of a PhD program undertaken by the principal author.
Conflict of interest statement
Authors’ conflict of interest disclosure: The authors stated that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
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- Masthead
- Masthead
- Editorial
- Substance use, addiction, and history
- Reviews
- International accessibility: a proposal for a system of symbols for people with disabilities
- Perceived parenting as related to emotional competence of visually and hearing impaired adolescents
- Wheelchair-related falls – a review
- Original Articles
- Health-risk behaviors and a healthy lifestyle among students from different environmental and cultural backgrounds
- Severity of symptomatology and subtypes in ADHD children with comorbid oppositional defiant and conduct disorders
- Comparison between neurological examination and computerized test of attention for suspected ADHD: implications for assessment of a common childhood disability
- Effectiveness of a participative community singing program to improve health behaviors and increase physical activity in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
- Improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians’ well-being using participatory community singing approach
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- The disability gap in happiness across welfare regimes
- Evaluation of disable friendliness of a railway transport facility in Ludhiana city of Punjab, India
- The relationship between phonological awareness time and reading abilities: an assessment using self-organizing maps
- Patterns of adaptive performance by individuals with autism spectrum disorders on the Behavior Assessment System for Children II (BASC-2)
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- Erratum
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