Equilibrium of methylene blue removal onto crayfish shell biochar

Fadina Amran; Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini

doi:10.1515/ijcre-2025-0040

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Equilibrium of methylene blue removal onto crayfish shell biochar

Fadina Amran und Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini

Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 30. Mai 2025

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Aus der Zeitschrift International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Band 23 Heft 5

Abstract

This work was aimed to establish the adsorptive properties of crayfish shell biochars for methylene blue dye removal. The adsorbents were prepared via pyrolysis at 650 and 800 °C and yield the surface area of 665 and 635 m²/g, respectively. The latter biochar, designated as CFB800, exhibits a dye adsorption capacity of 50.5 mg/g, which is nearly double that of the former (CFB650), with a capacity of 23.0 mg/g. The equilibrium capacity decreased with increasing adsorbent mass, but increased with increasing initial concentration and temperature. The equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir model. The methylene blue adsorption onto crayfish shell biochars is favourable and spontaneous. Hence, crayfish shell is a promising resource of biochar to treat dye-containing wastewater.

Keywords: adsorption; biochar; crayfish shell; equilibrium; methylene blue

Corresponding author: Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini, Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu-Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; and Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia, E-mail: abbas@cheme.utm.my

Funding source: Research Management Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Award Identifier / Grant number: UTM FR 23H09

Acknowledgments

ChatGPT was only used partly to improve the clarity and conciseness of some statements in the manuscript.

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Informed consent: ChatGPT was only used partly to improve the clarity and conciseness of some statements in the manuscript.
Author contributions: Fadina Amran: Conceptualization, methodology, analysis, first draft. Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini: Supervision, funding, resources, analysis, validation, review, final draft.
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: ChatGPT was only used partly to improve the clarity and conciseness of some statements in the manuscript.
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: This work is supported by the UTM Fundamental Research (UTMFR) with grant number UTMFR 23H09.
Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2025-02-21

Accepted: 2025-05-17

Published Online: 2025-05-30

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Artikel in diesem Heft

https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2025-0040

Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel

adsorption; biochar; crayfish shell; equilibrium; methylene blue