Bio-lubricant production based on epoxidized oleic acid derived dated palm oil using in situ peracid mechanism
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Tunku Arif Zafri Tunku Ozir
Abstract
In recent years, research on the epoxidation of fatty acids has attracted a great deal of attention due to the increased need for eco-friendly epoxides generated from vegetable oils. The purpose of this research is to produce bio-lubricant from optimized epoxidized oleic acid by alcoholysis with methanol, tert-butyl alcohol, and ethanolamine. Epoxidation is carried out using in situ performic acid formation under a constant temperature of 60 °C where formic acid acts as an oxygen carrier and hydrogen peroxide acts as an oxygen donor. The determination of the optimum process parameters uses one factor at a time (OFAT) method and is based on the optimized process parameters until the maximum relative conversion to oxirane of 65% is achieved. The bio-lubricants are confirmed using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis and the results show that the hydroxyl group is present at 3400 cm−1 of wavenumber. A kinetic modeling is performed using the MATLAB optimization tool. After 100 iterations, the reaction rate constant based on optimized epoxidized dated palm oil production were obtained as follows: k11 = 0.4251 mol⋅L−1⋅min−1, k12 = 11.345 mol⋅L−1⋅min−1, and k2 = 0.6761 mol⋅L−1⋅min−1.
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Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Data availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Ethical statement: This finding and work are free form conflict of interest. No human and animal rights involved.
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
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- Design and parametric optimization of a fan-notched baffle structure mixer for enhancement of liquid-liquid two-phase chemical process
- Quantification of motion characteristics of vertically ascending bubbles in NaCl solution via image processing
- Particle crystallization by supercritical antisolvent processing techniques: the case of Retama raetam powder for pharmaceutical purposes
- Evaluation the performance of the tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) in the removal of sulfur compounds via oxidative-extractive desulfurization process for production an eco-friendly fuel
- Experimental and kinetic studies of biogas production from petroleum oily sludge by anaerobic co-digestion with animals’ dung at thermophilic conditions
- A study on the adsorption property and mechanism of β-cyclodextrin/polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid hydrogel for ciprofloxacin
- Evaluation of promoted Ni-based nanocatalysts in wall-coated microchannel reactor on the dry reforming of methane and effect of ultrasound waves on physiochemical properties of synthesized nanocatalysts
- Reaction engineering of continuous crystallization of β-ammonium tetramolybdate in concentric structure reactor and its application
- Bio-lubricant production based on epoxidized oleic acid derived dated palm oil using in situ peracid mechanism
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Articles
- Design and parametric optimization of a fan-notched baffle structure mixer for enhancement of liquid-liquid two-phase chemical process
- Quantification of motion characteristics of vertically ascending bubbles in NaCl solution via image processing
- Particle crystallization by supercritical antisolvent processing techniques: the case of Retama raetam powder for pharmaceutical purposes
- Evaluation the performance of the tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) in the removal of sulfur compounds via oxidative-extractive desulfurization process for production an eco-friendly fuel
- Experimental and kinetic studies of biogas production from petroleum oily sludge by anaerobic co-digestion with animals’ dung at thermophilic conditions
- A study on the adsorption property and mechanism of β-cyclodextrin/polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid hydrogel for ciprofloxacin
- Evaluation of promoted Ni-based nanocatalysts in wall-coated microchannel reactor on the dry reforming of methane and effect of ultrasound waves on physiochemical properties of synthesized nanocatalysts
- Reaction engineering of continuous crystallization of β-ammonium tetramolybdate in concentric structure reactor and its application
- Bio-lubricant production based on epoxidized oleic acid derived dated palm oil using in situ peracid mechanism
