Abstract
The experiment of improving Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) denitrification efficiency with gas additives (CH4 and C3H8) was carried out in the 50 kW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) pilot-scale equipment. The results show that the denitrification efficiency can reach 20 % when the reaction temperature is 650 °C, and the optimum mole ratio of C3H8/NH3 is 0.5. The denitrification efficiency can exceed 50 % when the mole ratio of C3H8/NH3 is 0.4 and the reaction temperature is 720 °C. However, the CH4 additive does not promote denitrification at this temperature. When the reaction temperature is 760 °C, the optimum denitrification efficiency of CH4 is 60 %, and the required CH4/NH3 is 0.8. Once the amount of CH4 exceeds the optimal value, the denitrification efficiency is suppressed. In addition, the concentrations of N2O and CO in the gas increase significantly with an increase of gas additives. Due to the incomplete oxidation of C3H8, a large amount of C2H4 is produced in the low-temperature region (< 750 °C) of SNCR.
Acknowledgements
The Scientific Research Foundations of Nanjing Institute of Technology (YKJ201445).
References
Alzueta, M.U., R. Bilbao, and A. Millera. 2000. “Impact of New Findings Concerning Urea Thermal Decomposition on the Modeling of the Urea-SNCR Process.” Energy & Fuels 14 (2): 509–10.10.1021/ef990187jSuche in Google Scholar
Alzueta, M.U., H. Rojel, and P. G. Kristensen. 1997. “Laboratory Study of the CO/NH3/NO/O2 System: Implications for Hydrid Reburn/SNCR Strategies.” Energy and Fuels 11 (3): 716–23.10.1021/ef960140nSuche in Google Scholar
Ayoub, M., M.F. Irfan, and K.S. Yoo. 2011. “Surfactants as Additives for NOx Reduction during SNCR Process with Urea Solution as Reducing Agent.” Energy Convers. Manage 52 (10): 3083–88.10.1016/j.enconman.2011.04.010Suche in Google Scholar
Bae, S.W., S.A. Roh, and S.D. Kim. 2006. “NO Removal by Reducing Agents and Additives in the Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) Process.” Chemosphere 65 (1): 170–75.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.02.040Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Bendtsen, A.B., P. Glarborg, and K.I.M. Dam-Johansen. 2000. “Low Temperature Oxidation of Methane: The Influence of Nitrogen Oxides.” Combust Sciences Technological 151 (1): 31–71.10.1080/00102200008924214Suche in Google Scholar
Cao, Q.X., H. Liu, and S.H. Wu. 2011. “Theoretical Study of the Influence of Mixing on the Selective Noncatalytic Reduction Process with CH4 or H2 Addition.” Industrial Engineering Chemical Researcher 50 (18): 10859–64.10.1021/ie200986aSuche in Google Scholar
Cao, Q.X., H. Liu, S.H. Wu, L.P. Zhao, and X. Huang, 2008. “Kinetic Study of Promoted SNCR Process by Different Gas Additives.” 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai.10.1109/ICBBE.2008.509Suche in Google Scholar
Dao, D.Q., L. Gasnot, A. El Bakali, and J.F. Pauwels. 2009. “NO Reduction by Selective Noncatalytic Reduction Using Ammonia-Effects of Additives.” International Journal Energy Clean Environment 10 (1–4): 121–33.10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v10.i1-4.70Suche in Google Scholar
Gasnot, L., D.Q. Dao, and J.F. Pauwels. 2012. “Experimental and Kinetic Study of the Effect of Additives on the Ammonia Based SNCR Process in Low Temperature Conditions.” Energy & Fuels 26 (5): 2837–49.10.1021/ef300310cSuche in Google Scholar
Irfan, N., and A. Farooq, 2017. “Two-Stage NOx Removal Using High Temperature Urea SNCR and Low Temperature Secondary Additive Injection.” 3rd International Conference on Power Generation Systems and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET), Malaysia.10.1109/PGSRET.2017.8251809Suche in Google Scholar
Javed, M. T., N. Irfan, and B. M. Gibbs. 2007. “Control of Combustion-Generated Nitrogen Oxides by Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction.” Journal of Environmental Management 83 (3): 251–89.10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.03.006Suche in Google Scholar
Leckner, B., M. Karlsson, K. Dam-Johansen, C.E. Weinell, P. Kilpinen, and M. Hupa. 1991. “Influence of Additives on Selective Noncatalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers.” Industrial Engineering Chemical Researcher 30 (11): 2396–404.10.1021/ie00059a006Suche in Google Scholar
Lodder, P., and J.B. Lefers. 1985. “Effect of Natural Gas, C2H6 and CO on the Homogenous Gas Phase Reduction of NOx by NH3.” The Chemical Engineering Journal 30: 161–67.10.1016/0300-9467(85)80026-5Suche in Google Scholar
Lv, H.K. 2009. Experimental and Mechanism Study on Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction and Advanced Reburning. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University.Suche in Google Scholar
Lyon, R.K., and J.E. Hardy. 1986. “Discovery and Development of Thermal DeNOx Process.” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research Fundamentals 25 (1): 19–24.10.1021/i100021a003Suche in Google Scholar
Muzio, L.J., J.K. Arand, and D.P. Teixeira. 1976. “Gas Phase Decomposition of Nitric Oxide in Combustion Products.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 16 (1): 199–208.10.1016/S0082-0784(77)80325-1Suche in Google Scholar
Niu, S.L., K.H. Han, and C.M. Lu. 2010. “Experimental Study on the Effect of Urea and Additive Injection for Controlling Nitrogen Oxides Emissions.” Environmental Engineering Science 27 (1): 47–53.10.1089/ees.2008.0181Suche in Google Scholar
Suhlmann, J., and G. Rotzoll. 1993. “Experimental Characterization of the Influence of CO on the High-Temperature Reduction of NO by NH3.” Fuel 72 (2): 175–79.10.1016/0016-2361(93)90394-HSuche in Google Scholar
Yang, M., J. Yu, Z. Zhang, and D. Li. 2016. “Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction of Flue Gas in A Circulating Fluidized Bed. Energy Sources Part A Recovery.” Util Environment Effective 38 (7): 921–27.10.1080/15567036.2013.853113Suche in Google Scholar
Yao, T., Y.F. Duan, Z.Z. Yang, Y. Li, L.W. Wang, C. Zhu, Q. Zhou, et al. 2017. “Experimental Characterization of Enhanced SNCR Process with Carbonaceous Gas Additives.” Chemosphere 177: 149–56.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.004Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Zhao, Y., H. Wang, and S.Q. Hao. 2017. “Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Adsorption of NO2 in Flue Gas.” Industrial Engineering Chemical Researcher 56 (32): 9116–23.10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01401Suche in Google Scholar
© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Impact of Activation Energy in Nonlinear Mixed Convective Chemically Reactive Flow of Third Grade Nanomaterial by a Rotating Disk
- A Study on the Role of Clostridium Saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564) in Producing Fermentative Hydrogen
- Pilot-Scale Study on Improving SNCR Denitrification Efficiency by Using Gas Additives
- Synthesis and Optimization of Methyl Laurate Using Sulfonated Pyrrolidonium Ionic Liquid as a Catalyst
- Hydrodynamics Modeling of an LSCFB Reactor Using Multigene Genetic Programming Approach: Effect of Particles Size and Shape
- Immobilization of Fructofuranosidase from Aureobasidium sp. Onto TiO2 and Its Encapsulation on Gellan Gum for FOS Production
- Potassium Hydroxide Activated Hydrogen Generation Using Aluminum in Water Splitting Reaction
- Arrhenius Activation Energy Impact in Binary Chemically Reactive Flow of TiO2-Cu- H2O Hybrid Nanomaterial
- Gas-Phase Mercury Removal by Modified Activated Carbons Treated with Ar-O2 Non-Thermal Plasma under Different O2 Concentrations
- Impact of Thermal Asymmetry on Efficiency of the Heat Recovery and Ways of Restoring Symmetry in the Flow Reversal Reactors
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Impact of Activation Energy in Nonlinear Mixed Convective Chemically Reactive Flow of Third Grade Nanomaterial by a Rotating Disk
- A Study on the Role of Clostridium Saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564) in Producing Fermentative Hydrogen
- Pilot-Scale Study on Improving SNCR Denitrification Efficiency by Using Gas Additives
- Synthesis and Optimization of Methyl Laurate Using Sulfonated Pyrrolidonium Ionic Liquid as a Catalyst
- Hydrodynamics Modeling of an LSCFB Reactor Using Multigene Genetic Programming Approach: Effect of Particles Size and Shape
- Immobilization of Fructofuranosidase from Aureobasidium sp. Onto TiO2 and Its Encapsulation on Gellan Gum for FOS Production
- Potassium Hydroxide Activated Hydrogen Generation Using Aluminum in Water Splitting Reaction
- Arrhenius Activation Energy Impact in Binary Chemically Reactive Flow of TiO2-Cu- H2O Hybrid Nanomaterial
- Gas-Phase Mercury Removal by Modified Activated Carbons Treated with Ar-O2 Non-Thermal Plasma under Different O2 Concentrations
- Impact of Thermal Asymmetry on Efficiency of the Heat Recovery and Ways of Restoring Symmetry in the Flow Reversal Reactors