Abstract
Adolescent sexual and reproductive health problems remain a public health concern in Indonesia. An increase of premarital sex as well as early sexual debut among adolescents without any protection leads to a high risk of adverse sexual and reproductive health consequences. This study aimed to assess condom use prevalence and identify its determinants among male adolescents who are sexually active in Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Adolescent Reproductive Health component of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2012. The sample for this study was 1341 sexually active male adolescents aged 15–24 years old. Data were analyzed descriptively and using binary logistic regression for bivariate and multivariate analysis. This study found that condom use prevalence among male adolescents at first and last sex accounted for 25.0% and 27.4%, respectively. Determinants of condom use varied by time of sexual intercourse. Knowledge of sexual and reproductive health and obtaining information about condoms were consistently related to condom use at first and last sexual encounter. Meanwhile, residential type, age at first sex, and sexual partner were significant determinants of condom use at sexual debut whilst educational level was only associated with condom use at last sex. As the level of protected sex among male adolescents was very low, providing comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is suggested in order to develop the capacity among adolescents in making informed decisions and preventing unsafe sex.
Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program, ICF International who allowed the authors to use the dataset of the Adolescent Reproductive Health (ARH) component of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2012.
Declaration of competing interest: The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.
Funding: The authors received no financial support for this study.
References
[1] Dick B, Ferguson J, Ross DA. Preventing HIV/AIDS in young people. A systematic review of the evidence from developing countries. Introduction and rationale. World Health Organization Technical Report Series. 2006;938:1–13.Search in Google Scholar
[2] Morris JL, Rushwan H. Adolescent sexual and reproductive health: the global challenges. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015;131(Suppl 1):S40–2.10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.02.006Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[3] UNAIDS. Fact sheet: adolescents, young people, and HIV. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2012.Search in Google Scholar
[4] World Health Organization (WHO). Adolescent pregnancy. 2008. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs364/en/.Search in Google Scholar
[5] Statistics Indonesia. Macro International. Indonesia young adult reproductive health survey 2007. Calverton, MD: Statistics Indonesia and Macro International; 2008.Search in Google Scholar
[6] Statistics Indonesia, National Family Planning Board, Ministry of Health, ICF International. Indonesia demographic and health survey 2012: adolescent reproductive health. Jakarta: Statistics Indonesia, National Family Planning Board, Ministry of Health, ICF International; 2013.Search in Google Scholar
[7] Ministry of Health (MoH) Indonesia. Riset Riset kesehatan dasar (National health research) 2010. Jakarta: MoH Indonesia; 2010.Search in Google Scholar
[8] Bankole A, Ahmed FH, Neema S, Ouedraogo C, Konyani S. Knowledge of correct condom use and consistency of use among adolescents in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Afr J Reprod Health. 2007;11(3):197–220.10.2307/25549740Search in Google Scholar
[9] Tavares CM, Schor N, Franca I, Jr, Diniz SG. Factors associated with sexual initiation and condom use among adolescents on Santiago Island, Cape Verde, West Africa. Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2009;25(9):1969–80.10.1590/S0102-311X2009000900011Search in Google Scholar
[10] World Health Organization (WHO). The sexual and reproductive health of younger adolescents: research issues in developing countries. Geneva: WHO; 2011.Search in Google Scholar
[11] Do TH, Le LC, Burgess JA, Bui DS. Determinants of condom use at sexual debut among young Vietnamese. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2014;26(3):403–10.10.1515/ijamh-2013-0322Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[12] Thato S, Charron-Prochownik D, Dorn LD, Albrecht SA, Stone CA. Predictors of condom use among adolescent Thai vocational students. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2003;35(2):157–63.10.1111/j.1547-5069.2003.00157.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[13] Meekers D, Klein M. Determinants of condom use among unmarried youth in Yaounde and Douala, Cameroon. Atlanta: Research Division, Population Services International; 2001.Search in Google Scholar
[14] Stulhofer A, Graham C, Bozicevic I, Kufrin K, Ajdukovic D. HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and sexual behaviors as predictors of condom use among young adults in Croatia. Int Fam Plan Perspect. 2007;33(2):58–65.10.1363/3305807Search in Google Scholar
[15] Prata N, Vahidnia F, Fraser A. Gender and relationship differences in condom use among 15–24-year-olds in Angola. Int Fam Plan Perspect. 2005;31(4):192–9.10.1363/3119205Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[16] Nkambule VM. Determinants of contraceptive use and sexual activity amongst school-going adolescents in Lesotho. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal; 2009.Search in Google Scholar
[17] Susanto T, Rahmawati I, Wuryaningsih EW, Saito R, Syahrul, Kimura R, et al. Prevalence of factors related to active reproductive health behavior: a cross-sectional study Indonesian adolescent. Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016041.10.4178/epih.e2016041Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[18] Mahmudah M, Yaunin Y, Lestari Y. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku seksual remaja di kota Padang (Factors associated with adolescent sexual behaviour in Padang city). Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. 2016;5(2):448–54.10.25077/jka.v5i2.538Search in Google Scholar
[19] Putra IG, Pradnyani PE, Artini NN, Astiti NL. Factors related to sexual behavior among teenager dating in Denpasar city. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas. 2017;11(2):75–83.10.24893/jkma.v11i2.279Search in Google Scholar
[20] Yotebieng M, Halpern CT, Mitchell EM, Adimora AA. Correlates of condom use among sexually experienced secondary-school male students in Nairobi, Kenya. SAHARA J. 2009;6(1):9–16.10.1080/17290376.2009.9724924Search in Google Scholar
[21] Manlove J, Ikramullah E, Terry-Humen E. Condom use and consistency among male adolescents in the United States. J Adolesc Health. 2008;43(4):325–33.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.03.008Search in Google Scholar
[22] Long L, Yuan T, Wang M, Xu C, Yin J, Xiong C, et al. Factors associated with condom use among male college students in Wuhan, China. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51782.10.1371/journal.pone.0051782Search in Google Scholar
[23] Oyediran KA, Feyisetan OI, Akpan T. Predictors of condom-use among young never-married males in Nigeria. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011;29(3):273–85.10.3329/jhpn.v29i3.7875Search in Google Scholar
[24] Green LW, Kreuter MW. Health program planning: an educational and ecological approach. New York: McGrawhill; 2005.Search in Google Scholar
[25] Kirby D, Ecker N. International technical guidance on sexuality education: an evidence-informed approach for schools, teachers and health educators. Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; 2009.Search in Google Scholar
[26] Masoda M, Govender I. Knowledge and attitudes about and practices of condom use for reducing HIV infection among Goma University students in the Democratic Republic of Congo. South Afr J Epidemiol Infect. 2013;28(1):61–8.10.1080/10158782.2013.11441521Search in Google Scholar
[27] Pettifor AE, Rees HV, Kleinschmidt I, Steffenson AE, MacPhail C, Hlongwa-Madikizela L, et al. Young people’s sexual health in South Africa: HIV prevalence and sexual behaviors from a nationally representative household survey. AIDS. 2005;19(14):1525–34.10.1097/01.aids.0000183129.16830.06Search in Google Scholar
[28] Reis M, Ramiro L, de Matos MG, Diniz JA. Determinants influencing male condom use among university students in Portugal. Int J Sex Health. 2013;25(2):115–27.10.1080/19317611.2012.728554Search in Google Scholar
[29] Bauman LJ, Berman R. Adolescent relationships and condom use: trust, love and commitment. AIDS Behav. 2005;9(2):211–22.10.1007/s10461-005-3902-2Search in Google Scholar
[30] Kayiki SP, Forste R. HIV/AIDS related knowledge and perceived risk associated with condom use among adolescents in Uganda. Afr J Reprod Health. 2011;15(1):57–63.Search in Google Scholar
[31] Bryan A, Kagee A, Broaddus MR. Condom use among South African adolescents: developing and testing theoretical models of intentions and behavior. AIDS Behav. 2006;10(4):387–97.10.1007/s10461-006-9087-5Search in Google Scholar
[32] Holzner BM, Oetomo D. Youth, sexuality and sex education messages in Indonesia: issues of desire and control. Reprod Health Matters. 2004;12(23):40–9.10.1016/S0968-8080(04)23122-6Search in Google Scholar
[33] Widyastari D, Isarabhakdi P, Shaluhiyah Z. “Women won’t get pregnant with one sexual intercourse” misconceptions in reproductive health knowledge among Indonesian young men. J Health Res. 2014;29(1):63–9.Search in Google Scholar
[34] Utomo ID, McDonald P. Adolescent reproductive health in Indonesia: contested values and policy inaction. Stud Fam Plann. 2009;40(2):133–46.10.1111/j.1728-4465.2009.00196.xSearch in Google Scholar
[35] UNESCO, UNFPA. Youth and comprehensive sexuality education. New York: UNESCO, UNFPA; 2011.Search in Google Scholar
[36] Wang B, Hertog S, Meier A, Lou C, Gao E. The potential of comprehensive sex education in China: findings from suburban Shanghai. Int Fam Plan Perspect. 2005;31(2):63–72.10.1363/3106305Search in Google Scholar
[37] Situmorang A. Pelayanan kesehatan reproduksi remaja di puskesmas: isu dan tantangan (Adolescent reproductive health services in Indonesia: issues and challenges). Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia. 2016;6(2):21–32.Search in Google Scholar
[38] Zulkifli SN, Low WY. Sexual practices in Malaysia: determinants of sexual intercourse among unmarried youths. J Adolesc Health. 2000;27(4):276–80.10.1016/S1054-139X(00)00099-9Search in Google Scholar
©2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Close-in-age exemption laws: focusing on the best interests of children and adolescents
- Review
- Literature review: nutritional factors influencing academic achievement in school age children
- Original Articles
- Appointed by young people – a qualitative study on young patients recruiting hospital staff in Denmark
- Child labor and mental health status of in-school adolescents in a municipal local government area of Lagos state, Nigeria
- Usefulness of hematological parameters for differential diagnosis of endometriomas in adolescents/young adults and older women
- Assessment of the WHO Health Promoting Schools Framework among schools in selected villages of rural Puducherry, South India – a mixed method study
- The development and psychometric evaluation of a new instrument to market healthy breakfast and snacks among adolescents
- Awareness of bicycle light use of young adults
- A brief study on the knowledge and choice of contraception methods in married adolescent girls
- Coverage of and compliance to iron supplementation under the National Iron Plus Initiative among reproductive age-group women in urban Puducherry – a cross-sectional study
- Adolescents’ smartphone use at night, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms
- Prevalence and determinants of poor quality of sleep among adolescents in rural Puducherry, South India
- Health awareness, lifestyle and dietary behavior of university students in the northeast part of Bangladesh
- The effectiveness of group counseling on prenatal care knowledge and performance of pregnant adolescents in a Kurdish region of Iran
- High adenovirus 36 seroprevalence among a population of Hispanic American youth
- Development and psychometric properties of the female adolescents’ sexual reproductive self-care scale
- “Decide Now, Buy Marlboro”: Examining the influence and appeal of Marlboro’s new brand architecture among Filipino adolescents
- Knowledge, attitude and practice of cigarette smoking among senior secondary school students in Depok, Indonesia
- Factors associated with knowledge of where to access health care among youth in juvenile detention: a mixed methods study
- Association between a vegetarian diet and emotional symptoms: a cross-sectional study among adolescents in four developing countries
- A prospective 1-year study on load reduction of school backpacks shows reversible changes of body posture in schoolchildren
- Level, motivation and barriers to participate in physical activity among late adolescents in Puducherry
- A pilot study to improve sugar and water consumption in Maltese school children
- Deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs in adolescents: a study in a tertiary hospital
- Prevalence and determinants of condom use among male adolescents in Indonesia
- Iranian mothers’ needs for reproductive health education of their adolescent daughters: a qualitative study
- Short Communication
- Psychosocial determinants of stress among adolescents in an urban slum in a city of Western Maharashtra: a cross-sectional study
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Close-in-age exemption laws: focusing on the best interests of children and adolescents
- Review
- Literature review: nutritional factors influencing academic achievement in school age children
- Original Articles
- Appointed by young people – a qualitative study on young patients recruiting hospital staff in Denmark
- Child labor and mental health status of in-school adolescents in a municipal local government area of Lagos state, Nigeria
- Usefulness of hematological parameters for differential diagnosis of endometriomas in adolescents/young adults and older women
- Assessment of the WHO Health Promoting Schools Framework among schools in selected villages of rural Puducherry, South India – a mixed method study
- The development and psychometric evaluation of a new instrument to market healthy breakfast and snacks among adolescents
- Awareness of bicycle light use of young adults
- A brief study on the knowledge and choice of contraception methods in married adolescent girls
- Coverage of and compliance to iron supplementation under the National Iron Plus Initiative among reproductive age-group women in urban Puducherry – a cross-sectional study
- Adolescents’ smartphone use at night, sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms
- Prevalence and determinants of poor quality of sleep among adolescents in rural Puducherry, South India
- Health awareness, lifestyle and dietary behavior of university students in the northeast part of Bangladesh
- The effectiveness of group counseling on prenatal care knowledge and performance of pregnant adolescents in a Kurdish region of Iran
- High adenovirus 36 seroprevalence among a population of Hispanic American youth
- Development and psychometric properties of the female adolescents’ sexual reproductive self-care scale
- “Decide Now, Buy Marlboro”: Examining the influence and appeal of Marlboro’s new brand architecture among Filipino adolescents
- Knowledge, attitude and practice of cigarette smoking among senior secondary school students in Depok, Indonesia
- Factors associated with knowledge of where to access health care among youth in juvenile detention: a mixed methods study
- Association between a vegetarian diet and emotional symptoms: a cross-sectional study among adolescents in four developing countries
- A prospective 1-year study on load reduction of school backpacks shows reversible changes of body posture in schoolchildren
- Level, motivation and barriers to participate in physical activity among late adolescents in Puducherry
- A pilot study to improve sugar and water consumption in Maltese school children
- Deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs in adolescents: a study in a tertiary hospital
- Prevalence and determinants of condom use among male adolescents in Indonesia
- Iranian mothers’ needs for reproductive health education of their adolescent daughters: a qualitative study
- Short Communication
- Psychosocial determinants of stress among adolescents in an urban slum in a city of Western Maharashtra: a cross-sectional study