Investigating adolescents’ sweetened beverage consumption and Western fast food restaurant visits in China, 2006–2011
-
Yen-Han Lee
,
Timothy C. Chiang
Abstract
Background
China has undergone rapid Westernization and established dramatic social reforms since the early 21st century. However, health issues led to challenges in the lives of the Chinese residents. Western fast food and sweetened beverages, two food options associated with chronic diseases and obesity, have played key roles to alter adolescents’ dietary patterns. This study aims to examine the association between adolescents’ visits to Western fast food restaurants and sweetened beverage consumption.
Methods
Applying three waves of the China Health and Nutrition Study (CHNS) between 2006 and 2011 (n = 1063), we used generalized Poisson regression (GPR) to investigate the association between adolescents’ Western fast food restaurant visits and sweetened beverage consumption, as the popularity of fast food and sweetened beverages has skyrocketed among adolescents in contemporary China. A linear-by-linear association test was used as a trend test to study general patterns between sweetened beverage consumption and Western fast food restaurant visits. We adjusted all models with sweetened beverage consumption frequency, four food preferences (fast food, salty snacks, fruits and vegetables), school status, gross household income, provinces, rural/urban regions, age and gender.
Results
From the results of the trend test, frequent sweetened beverage consumption was highly associated with more Western fast food restaurant visits among Chinese adolescents in the three waves (p < 0.001). Furthermore, we observed that adolescents, who had less than monthly sweetened beverage consumption or did not drink them at all, had much less likelihood of visiting Western fast food restaurants (p < 0.05), compared with those daily consumers.
Conclusion
Adolescents’ sweetened beverage consumption was highly associated with Western fast food restaurant visits in contemporary China. Further actions are needed from the Chinese central government to create a healthier dietary environment for adolescents.
Acknowledgments
We thank the National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Carolina Population Center (P2C HD050924, T32 HD007168), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the NIH (R01-HD30880, DK056350, R24 HD050924 and R01-HD38700) and the NIH Fogarty International Center (D43 TW009077, D43 TW007709) for financial support for the CHNS data collection and analysis files from 1989 to 2015 and future surveys, and the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health for support for CHNS 2009, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai since 2009, and Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control since 2011.
Conflict of interests: None declared.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Review
- Confronting the impact of teen pregnancy in Mississippi: the need for after-school programs
- Original Articles
- Needs assessment for gender sensitive reproductive health services for adolescents
- Knowledge of emergency management of avulsed tooth among intern dental students: a questionnaire based study
- Factors associated with time between using a drug and injection initiation among people who inject drugs in Kermanshah, Iran
- Environmental perceptions and its associations with physical fitness and body composition in adolescents: longitudinal results from the LabMed Physical Activity Study
- Health promoting behaviors of staff in a university of medical sciences in southeast of Iran
- Investigating adolescents’ sweetened beverage consumption and Western fast food restaurant visits in China, 2006–2011
- An examination of eating disorder education and experience in a 1-month adolescent medicine rotation: what is sufficient to foster adequate self-efficacy?
- Tobacco use: the main predictor of illicit substances use among young adolescents in Sousse, Tunisia
- Integrated training (practicing, peer clinical training and OSCE assessment): a ladder to promote learning and training
- One-year changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior among adolescents: the Croatian Physical Activity in Adolescence Longitudinal Study (CRO-PALS)
- Feasibility and acceptability of the Bod Pod procedure and changes in body composition from admission to discharge in adolescents hospitalized with eating disorders
- Barriers to contraceptive use among adolescents in two semi-rural Nicaraguan communities
- The association between school bullying victimization and substance use among adolescents in Malawi: the mediating effect of loneliness
- Assessment of dietary habits and nutritional status among adolescent girls in a rural area of Puducherry: a community-based cross-sectional study
