Abstract
Children born premature are at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. This piece advances the hypothesis that altered androgen exposure observed in premature infants is an important mediator of the neurodevelopmental risk in males associated with prematurity. Specifically, the alterations of normative physiologic postnatal activations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that occur in preterm males are hypothesized to contribute to the risk of neuropsychiatric pathology of prematurity through altered androgen-mediated organizational effects on the developing brain. The physiology of testosterone and male central nervous system development in full-term births is reviewed and compared to the developmental processes of prematurity. The effects of the altered testosterone physiology observed within prematurity outside of the central nervous system are reviewed as a segue into a discussion of the effects within the nervous system, with a special focus on autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The explanatory power of this model is reviewed as a supplement to the preexisting models of prematurity and neurodevelopmental risk, including infection and other perinatal central nervous system insults. The emphasis is placed on altered androgen exposure as serving as just one among many mediators of neurodevelopmental risk that may be of interest for further research and evidence-based investigation. Implications for diagnosis, management and preventative treatments conclude the piece.
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Artikel in diesem Heft
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- The first cigarette and then………
- Postnatal testosterone may be an important mediator of the association between prematurity and male neurodevelopmental disorders: a hypothesis
- Dietary habits and sedentary behaviors among health science university students in Bahrain
- Diet quality and physical activity in relation to childhood obesity
- Determinants of cigarette smoking among school adolescents on the island of Java, Indonesia
- Oral health impact, dental caries experience, and associated factors in 12–15-year-old school children in India
- The effects of educating mothers and girls on the girls’ attitudes toward puberty health: a randomized controlled trial
- Challenges and results of a school-based intervention to manage excess weight among school children in Tunisia 2012–2014
- The effectiveness of an adolescent reproductive health education intervention in Uganda
- Comparison of parental socio-demographic factors in children and adolescents presenting with internalizing and externalizing disorders
- Health seeking behaviour and health awareness among rural and urban adolescents in Dehradun District, Uttarakhand, India
- Knowledge and perception of young adults in Nigeria on effectiveness of condom use in prevention of sexually transmitted infections
- Media exposure, interactive health literacy, and adolescents’ susceptibility to future smoking
- Disordered eating and body image issues and their associated factors among adolescents in urban secondary schools in Sarawak, Malaysia
- Normal weight obesity among young adults in Trinidad and Tobago: prevalence and associated factors
- Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and attempts among children and adolescents
- Neurogenic speech sequelae following suicide attempt by hanging: a case report
- Tubo-ovarian abscess in non sexually active adolescents
- Implicit emotion regulation: linking childhood oppositional defiant disorder with adult depression and bipolar disorder?
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