Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates proliferation and motility of cancer cells. Fibroblasts reside in the cancer microenvironment and are the primary source of IL-11. Activated fibroblasts, including cancer-associated fibroblasts that produce IL-11, contribute to the development and progression of cancer, and induce fibrosis associated with cancer. Changes in fatty acid composition or its metabolites, and an increase in free fatty acids have been observed in cancer. The effect of deregulated fatty acids on the development and progression of cancer is not fully understood yet. In the present study, we investigated the effects of fatty acids on mRNA expression and secretion of IL-11 in lung fibroblasts. Among the eight fatty acids added exogenously, arachidonic acid (AA) increased mRNA expression and secretion of IL-11 in lung fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. AA-induced upregulation of IL-11 was dependent on the activation of the p38 or ERK MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, prostaglandin E2, associated with elevated cyclooxygenase-2 expression, participated in the upregulation of IL-11 via its specific receptor in an autocrine/paracrine manner. These results suggest that AA may mediate IL-11 upregulation in lung fibroblasts in the cancer microenvironment, accompanied by unbalanced fatty acid composition.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Supplementary Material
The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2022-0218).
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- A biochemical view on the septins, a less known component of the cytoskeleton
- Research Articles/Short Communications
- Protein Structure and Function
- Mathematical expressions describing enzyme velocity and inhibition at high enzyme concentration
- Cell Biology and Signaling
- MicroRNA-6838-5p suppresses the self-renewal and metastasis of human liver cancer stem cells through downregulating CBX4 expression and inactivating ERK signaling
- M2 macrophages-derived exosomal miR-3917 promotes the progression of lung cancer via targeting GRK6
- Extracellular stimulation of lung fibroblasts with arachidonic acid increases interleukin 11 expression through p38 and ERK signaling
- EVADR ceRNA transcript variants upregulate WNT and PI3K signaling pathways in SW480 and HCT116 cells by sponging miR-7 and miR-29b
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Review
- A biochemical view on the septins, a less known component of the cytoskeleton
- Research Articles/Short Communications
- Protein Structure and Function
- Mathematical expressions describing enzyme velocity and inhibition at high enzyme concentration
- Cell Biology and Signaling
- MicroRNA-6838-5p suppresses the self-renewal and metastasis of human liver cancer stem cells through downregulating CBX4 expression and inactivating ERK signaling
- M2 macrophages-derived exosomal miR-3917 promotes the progression of lung cancer via targeting GRK6
- Extracellular stimulation of lung fibroblasts with arachidonic acid increases interleukin 11 expression through p38 and ERK signaling
- EVADR ceRNA transcript variants upregulate WNT and PI3K signaling pathways in SW480 and HCT116 cells by sponging miR-7 and miR-29b