Abstract
The respiratory pathway of mitochondria is composed of four electron transfer complexes and the ATP synthase. In this article, we review evidence from studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that both ATP synthase and cytochrome oxidase (COX) are assembled from independent modules that correspond to structurally and functionally identifiable components of each complex. Biogenesis of the respiratory chain requires a coordinate and balanced expression of gene products that become partner subunits of the same complex, but are encoded in the two physically separated genomes. Current evidence indicates that synthesis of two key mitochondrial encoded subunits of ATP synthase is regulated by the F1 module. Expression of COX1 that codes for a subunit of the COX catalytic core is also regulated by a mechanism that restricts synthesis of this subunit to the availability of a nuclear-encoded translational activator. The respiratory chain must maintain a fixed stoichiometry of the component enzyme complexes during cell growth. We propose that high-molecular-weight complexes composed of Cox6, a subunit of COX, and of the Atp9 subunit of ATP synthase play a key role in establishing the ratio of the two complexes during their assembly.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by a National Institutes of Health Grant Funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000057, 5R01GM111864 to A.T. and a FAPESP postdoctoral fellowship Funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001807, 2019/16015-3 to L.V.R.F.
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©2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Highlight: In Honor of Walter Neupert: Mitochondria
- Editorial
- Mitochondria and friends – a special issue in honor of Walter Neupert (1939–2019)
- Early steps in mitochondrial protein translocation
- From cytosol to mitochondria: the beginning of a protein journey
- Evolution of mitochondrial protein import – lessons from trypanosomes
- Protein import: crossing the outer membrane
- Biogenesis pathways of α-helical mitochondrial outer membrane proteins
- The structure of the TOM core complex in the mitochondrial outer membrane
- Porins as helpers in mitochondrial protein translocation
- Protein translocation beyond the outer membrane
- From TOM to the TIM23 complex – handing over of a precursor
- How to get to the other side of the mitochondrial inner membrane – the protein import motor
- The biogenesis of mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins
- Protein import by the mitochondrial disulfide relay in higher eukaryotes
- Mitochondrial ultrastructure and dynamics
- The MICOS complex, a structural element of mitochondria with versatile functions
- Asymmetric inheritance of mitochondria in yeast
- Lipid transport and mitochondrial contact sites
- New horizons in mitochondrial contact site research
- The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria encounter structure: coordinating lipid metabolism across membranes
- Lipid homeostasis in mitochondria
- The biogenesis of enzymes
- Modular assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase and cytochrome oxidase
- From the discovery to molecular understanding of cellular iron-sulfur protein biogenesis
- Mitochondrial quality control
- Regulation of mitochondrial plasticity by the i-AAA protease YME1L
- PINK1 and Parkin: team players in stress-induced mitophagy
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Highlight: In Honor of Walter Neupert: Mitochondria
- Editorial
- Mitochondria and friends – a special issue in honor of Walter Neupert (1939–2019)
- Early steps in mitochondrial protein translocation
- From cytosol to mitochondria: the beginning of a protein journey
- Evolution of mitochondrial protein import – lessons from trypanosomes
- Protein import: crossing the outer membrane
- Biogenesis pathways of α-helical mitochondrial outer membrane proteins
- The structure of the TOM core complex in the mitochondrial outer membrane
- Porins as helpers in mitochondrial protein translocation
- Protein translocation beyond the outer membrane
- From TOM to the TIM23 complex – handing over of a precursor
- How to get to the other side of the mitochondrial inner membrane – the protein import motor
- The biogenesis of mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins
- Protein import by the mitochondrial disulfide relay in higher eukaryotes
- Mitochondrial ultrastructure and dynamics
- The MICOS complex, a structural element of mitochondria with versatile functions
- Asymmetric inheritance of mitochondria in yeast
- Lipid transport and mitochondrial contact sites
- New horizons in mitochondrial contact site research
- The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria encounter structure: coordinating lipid metabolism across membranes
- Lipid homeostasis in mitochondria
- The biogenesis of enzymes
- Modular assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase and cytochrome oxidase
- From the discovery to molecular understanding of cellular iron-sulfur protein biogenesis
- Mitochondrial quality control
- Regulation of mitochondrial plasticity by the i-AAA protease YME1L
- PINK1 and Parkin: team players in stress-induced mitophagy