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Endocytosis of pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors and its relevance for signal transduction

  • Heike M. Hermanns EMAIL logo , Julia Wohlfahrt , Christine Mais , Sabine Hergovits , Daniel Jahn and Andreas Geier
Published/Copyright: April 11, 2016

Abstract

The pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are key players of the innate and adaptive immunity. Their activity needs to be tightly controlled to allow the initiation of an appropriate immune response as defense mechanism against pathogens or tissue injury. Excessive or sustained signaling of either of these cytokines leads to severe diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis), steatohepatitis, periodic fevers and even cancer. Studies carried out in the last 30 years have emphasized that an elaborate control system for each of these cytokines exists. Here, we summarize what is currently known about the involvement of receptor endocytosis in the regulation of these pro-inflammatory cytokines’ signaling cascades. Particularly in the last few years it was shown that this cellular process is far more than a mere feedback mechanism to clear cytokines from the circulation and to shut off their signal transduction.

Acknowledgments

The work of H.M.H. and A.G. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FZ82; SFB 688, TP A20), the Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung (IZKF) Würzburg (Project A-242) and the Else Kröner-Fresenius Stiftung (Project A67).

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Received: 2015-11-13
Accepted: 2016-4-4
Published Online: 2016-4-11
Published in Print: 2016-8-1

©2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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