Abstract
Infertility now affects one in seven couples, and the prevalence of this condition continues to increase. Ovulatory defects and unknown causes account for more than half of the cases of infertility. It has been postulated that a significant proportion of these cases are directly or indirectly related to obesity, since the presence of excess adipose tissue has a variety of effects on reproductive function. Here, we review on the effects of the two major adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) on fertility, with a focus on the first steps in embryo implantation and the key components of fetal-maternal interface (the placenta and the endometrium). These adipokines are reportedly involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, and as such affect local angiogenesis, immune tolerance and inflammatory processes in placental and endometrial tissues. In placental cells, leptin and adiponectin also modulate trophoblast invasiveness and the nutrient supply. These observations strongly suggest by interfering with the placenta and endometrium, adipokines can create a favorable environment for embryo implantation and have a key role in fetal-maternal metabolism, fetal-maternal communication, and gestation. Given that reproductive functions are tightly coupled to the energy balance, metabolic abnormalities may lead to the development of complications of pregnancy and changes in fetal growth. In this context, we suggest that the leptin/adiponectin ratio may be a clinically valuable marker for detecting a number of pathologies in pregnancy.
Acknowledgments
We sincerely thank Hadia Moindjie and Fabien Duval, our two Ph.D. students, for their invaluable editorial assistance.
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©2015 by De Gruyter
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial Preface
- Preface to special issue on Peripheral and Central Control of Human Reproduction: Endocrine Aspects – Part 1
- Topic A: Impact of Obesity/Adiposity and Adipokines on Reproduction, Fertility and Pregnancy
- Review Articles
- Obesity and fertility
- Adipokines in human reproduction
- Roles of leptin, adiponectin and resistin in the transcriptional regulation of steroidogenic genes contributing to decreased Leydig cells function in obesity
- The roles of leptin and adiponectin at the fetal-maternal interface in humans
- Endocrine and metabolic adaptations to pregnancy; impact of obesity
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial Preface
- Preface to special issue on Peripheral and Central Control of Human Reproduction: Endocrine Aspects – Part 1
- Topic A: Impact of Obesity/Adiposity and Adipokines on Reproduction, Fertility and Pregnancy
- Review Articles
- Obesity and fertility
- Adipokines in human reproduction
- Roles of leptin, adiponectin and resistin in the transcriptional regulation of steroidogenic genes contributing to decreased Leydig cells function in obesity
- The roles of leptin and adiponectin at the fetal-maternal interface in humans
- Endocrine and metabolic adaptations to pregnancy; impact of obesity