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Obesity and cancer

  • Hendrik Ungefroren EMAIL logo , Frank Gieseler , Stephanie Fliedner and Hendrik Lehnert
Published/Copyright: February 12, 2015
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Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation
From the journal Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation Volume 21 Issue 1

Abstract

The incidence of obesity in the Western world has increased dramatically during the recent decades. Epidemiological data suggest that obesity is associated with an increased risk of several but not all types of cancers, with clear sex-specific differences. The underlying mechanisms are still a matter of debate. In this review, we discuss the potential factors linking obesity to cancer, with a focus on hormone-dependent cancer types. Current experimental evidence suggests that insulin resistance and a chronic, subclinical inflammation in the visceral fat are the major metabolic events, causing alterations in the levels of insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, insulin-like growth factor-1 and -2, adipose tissue-derived proinflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1, -6, -12, and -23), and other bioactive molecules such as adipokines (adiponectin and leptin), vascular endothelial growth factor, sex hormones, gut microbiota, and secondary bile acids. All these factors may act directly or indirectly on the tumor microenvironment to drive tumor progression via the stimulation of cell survival/antiapoptosis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion/metastasis of cancer cells. Therapeutic strategies (including bariatric surgery) that target dysfunctional or inflamed fat have been shown to benefit patients, whereas other cell- or hormone-directed interventions (such as the conversion of visceral fat macrophages to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype or the pharmacological modulation of serum adipokine levels) are still theoretical and need to be clinically evaluated for their ability to successfully treat or prevent obesity-related cancers.

Keywords: adipokine; cancer; inflammation; obesity

Article Note

Correction added after online publication February 12, 2015: Mistakenly this article was already published ahead of print under the title of the entire special issue ‘Adiposopathy in cancer and (cardio)metabolic diseases: an endocrine approach’.

Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Hendrik Ungefroren, First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany, E-mail:

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Received: 2014-12-23
Accepted: 2015-1-14
Published Online: 2015-2-12
Published in Print: 2015-1-1

©2015 by De Gruyter

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial Preface
  3. Adiposopathy in cancer and (cardio)metabolic diseases: an endocrine approach – Part 2
  4. Topic 1: Impact of Adiposopathy in Tumoral Disease: Endocrine and Clinical Aspects
  5. Review Articles
  6. Obesity and cancer
  7. Adipose tissue dysfunction and its effects on tumor metabolism
  8. Local adipocyte cancer cell paracrine loop: can “sick fat” be more detrimental?
  9. Adipose tissue, obesity and adipokines: role in cancer promotion
  10. Obesity-related proliferative diseases: the interaction between adipose tissue and estrogens in post-menopausal women
  11. Molecular cues on obesity signals, tumor markers and endometrial cancer
https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2014-0046
Keywords for this article
adipokine; cancer; inflammation; obesity

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial Preface
  3. Adiposopathy in cancer and (cardio)metabolic diseases: an endocrine approach – Part 2
  4. Topic 1: Impact of Adiposopathy in Tumoral Disease: Endocrine and Clinical Aspects
  5. Review Articles
  6. Obesity and cancer
  7. Adipose tissue dysfunction and its effects on tumor metabolism
  8. Local adipocyte cancer cell paracrine loop: can “sick fat” be more detrimental?
  9. Adipose tissue, obesity and adipokines: role in cancer promotion
  10. Obesity-related proliferative diseases: the interaction between adipose tissue and estrogens in post-menopausal women
  11. Molecular cues on obesity signals, tumor markers and endometrial cancer
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