Suitability of a lignin-derived mono-phenol mimic to replace phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin for use in wood treatment
-
Vladimirs Biziks
,
Marco Fleckenstein
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the suitability of a single mono-aromatic for substitution of petroleum-based phenol for phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin synthesis and the usage of a new resin for wood treatment. After proper thermal decomposition of wood-based lignin, pyrolysis oil can be obtained. Due to the heterogeneity of the lignin macromolecule, oil contains large variety of organic-based compounds, mainly mono-aromatics, which are proposed to be used for replacement of phenol during PF resin synthesis. Therefore, for this purpose, nine of the most abundant mono-aromatic compounds in bio-oil were selected: ortho-, meta-, para-cresol, guaiacol, catechol, 4-methylcatechol, resorcinol, syringol, 4-ethylphenol and resol-type resin from each mono-aromatic were synthesized. Relevant features of the resin such as pH, viscosity, average molecular weight and curing behavior of resins using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were analyzed. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood samples were used to evaluate the suitability of resin for wood treatment in terms of dimensional stability and were compared with the PF resin-treated wood. From all tested resins, those made of guaiacol or ortho-, or meta-, or para-cresol and/or 4-ethylphenol proved to be suitable for wood treatment, whereas resins made of catechol or 4-methylguaiacol and syringol did not. Suitability of mono-aromatics for synthesis of resol-type resin depends on chemical structure, where the reactivity of the mono-aromatic (derivative of hydroxybenzene) is defined by the type, location and number of substituents.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
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©2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Wood modification research in Europe
- Review
- Outlook for modified wood use and regulations in circular economy
- Original Articles
- Suitability of a lignin-derived mono-phenol mimic to replace phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin for use in wood treatment
- Beech wood treated with polyglycerol succinate: a new effective method for its protection and stabilization
- Study on the impregnation quality of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.) sawn veneers after treatment with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5- dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU)
- The effect of diammonium phosphate and sodium silicate on the adhesion and fire properties of birch veneer
- Enhanced bonding of acetylated wood with an MUF-based adhesive and a resorcinol-formaldehyde-based primer
- Brown rot gene expression and regulation in acetylated and furfurylated wood: a complex picture
- Investigation of the effect of aging on wood hygroscopicity by 2D 1H NMR relaxometry
- Dynamic vapour sorption protocols for the quantification of accessible hydroxyl groups in wood
- A molecular model for reversible and irreversible hygroscopicity changes by thermal wood modification
- Effect of service life aspects on carbon footprint: a comparison of wood decking products
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Wood modification research in Europe
- Review
- Outlook for modified wood use and regulations in circular economy
- Original Articles
- Suitability of a lignin-derived mono-phenol mimic to replace phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin for use in wood treatment
- Beech wood treated with polyglycerol succinate: a new effective method for its protection and stabilization
- Study on the impregnation quality of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) and English oak (Quercus robur L.) sawn veneers after treatment with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5- dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU)
- The effect of diammonium phosphate and sodium silicate on the adhesion and fire properties of birch veneer
- Enhanced bonding of acetylated wood with an MUF-based adhesive and a resorcinol-formaldehyde-based primer
- Brown rot gene expression and regulation in acetylated and furfurylated wood: a complex picture
- Investigation of the effect of aging on wood hygroscopicity by 2D 1H NMR relaxometry
- Dynamic vapour sorption protocols for the quantification of accessible hydroxyl groups in wood
- A molecular model for reversible and irreversible hygroscopicity changes by thermal wood modification
- Effect of service life aspects on carbon footprint: a comparison of wood decking products
