Time-dependent ammonia emissions from fumed oak wood determined by micro-chamber/thermal extractor (μCTE) and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy
-
Elfriede Hogger
,
Klaus Bauer
Abstract
The ongoing preference for dark colours in parquet and furniture is a driving force for colour modification of bright wood species. The treatment of oak wood with gaseous ammonia (fuming) leads to dark colours, but residual ammonia in the wood may lead to bonding failures with resins, odour nuisance and thus customer complaints. The focus of the present paper is the determination and emission of remaining ammonia in fumed oak. A fast and convenient approach based on Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy was developed to replace the currently applied time-consuming and complex determination procedures. The integrated area of the infrared (IR) region between 1575 and 1535 cm−1 shows a relationship with the coefficient of determination (R2=0.76) to the residual ammonia content determined by the micro-chamber/thermal extractor (μCTE) method. The prediction accuracy was further improved by partial least square regression calculations. Promising models with high R2 (0.85), low root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSE-CV=1.08%) with five principal components were established and already integrated successfully into the production as input control. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy proved to be a simple and fast predictive method to estimate residual ammonia in fumed oak.
Funding source: Steirische Wirstschaftsförderungsgesellschaft
Award Identifier / Grant number: 1.000.040.186
Funding statement: Scheucher Holzindustrie GmbH acknowledges the Steirische Wirstschaftsförderungsgesellschaft mbH (SFG) for funding this project in the Voraus! Denken program (Funder Id: 10.13039/501100007945, Project No. 1.000.040.186). Wood K plus thanks Scheucher for financial support.
Acknowledgements
Special thanks to Carina Rößler for helpful discussion on the mathematical background of the paper.
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Employment or leadership: None declared.
Honorarium: None declared.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Cutting forces and chip formation revisited based on orthogonal cutting of Scots pine
- Predicting structural timber grade-determining properties using acoustic and density measurements on young Sitka spruce trees and logs
- Natural resistance of eight Brazilian wood species from the region Caatinga determined by an accelerated laboratory decay test against four fungi
- Understanding the effect of weathering on adhesive bonds for wood composites using digital image correlation (DIC)
- Time-dependent ammonia emissions from fumed oak wood determined by micro-chamber/thermal extractor (μCTE) and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy
- Rheology of moso bamboo stem determined by DMA in ethylene glycol
- Carbon nanomaterials based on interpolyelectrolyte complex lignosulfonate-chitosan
- Radical transfer system in the enzymatic dehydrogenative polymerization (DHP formation) of coniferyl alcohol (CA) and three dilignols
- The gene expression and enzymatic activity of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase during wood formation in Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata
- Applicability of chloroplast DNA barcodes for wood identification between Santalum album and its adulterants
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- Strength and stiffness of the reaction wood in five Eucalyptus species
