Abstract
This study investigates the effects of fiber dimensions on hardboard properties. Fiber size is determined by the amount of energy applied during refining, and fiber size affects board properties; that is, production cost and board performance are closely related. Therefore, in the present paper, the effects of fiber dimensions on hardboard performance have been investigated. To optimize the hardboard process, fiber size was varied via screening, and the screen fractions were further classified using a Bauer-McNett apparatus. Hardboards were produced with mixtures of classified fibers. Bending strength, internal bond, and thickness swelling of the final boards were evaluated according to EN 310, EN 319, and EN 317, respectively. The effects of fiber size on the investigated properties were analyzed by means of multivariate linear regression. Generally, a higher proportion of small fibers appears to improve board performance presumably due to the higher specific surface area of fibers, which facilitate interfiber bonding.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the European Project BoostEff 7th Framework Programme FP7-NMP-2009-LARGE-3 and the use of equipment supplied by Kadant Lamort, Vitry le François, France.
References
Aisyah, H.A., Paridah, M.T., Sahri, M.H., Astimar, A.A., Anwar, U.W.K. (2012) Influence of thermo mechanical pulping production parameters on properties of medium density fibreboard made from kenaf bast. J. Appl. Sci. 12:575–580.10.3923/jas.2012.575.580Search in Google Scholar
Ämmälä, A. (2001) Fractionation of thermomechanical pulp in pressure screening. An experimental study on the classification of fibres with slotted screen plates. Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Finland. Available at: http://herkules.oulu.fi/issn03553213. Accessed 11/06/2013.Search in Google Scholar
Back, E.L. (1987) The bonding mechanism in hardboard manufacture. Holzforschung 41:247–258.10.1515/hfsg.1987.41.4.247Search in Google Scholar
Bartl, A., Pico, D. (2009) Characterization of short fibres. ICheaP-9 Chemical and Process Engineering, May 10–13, Rome, Italy. Available at: http://www.aidic.it/icheap9/webpapers/254Bartl.pdf. Accessed 13/12/2013.Search in Google Scholar
Carvalho, M.G., Ferreira, P.J., Martins, A.A., Figueiredo, M.M. (1996) A comparative study of two automated techniques for measuring fibre length. Tappi J. 80:137–142.Search in Google Scholar
Eriksen, O., Hammar, L.-A. (2007) Refining mechanisms and development of TMP properties in a low-consistency refiner. International Mechanical Pulping Conference. TAPPI Proceedings.Search in Google Scholar
Fornué, E.D., Allan, G.G., Quinones, H.J.C., Gonzalez, G.T., Saucedo, J.T. (2011) Fundamental aspects of adhesion between cellulosic surfaces in contact – a review. O Papel. 72:85–90.Search in Google Scholar
Ganz, A., Kandelbauer, A., Kessler, W., Kessler, R.W., Wimmer, R. (2006) Designing wood fibre morphology and mechanical properties of fibreboards. J. Nat. Fibres 3:169–187.10.1300/J395v03n02_11Search in Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Garcia, S., Feijoo, G., Widsten, P., Kandelbauer, A., Zikulnig-Rusch, E., Moreira, M.T. (2009) Environmental performance assessment of hardboard manufacture. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 14:456–466.10.1007/s11367-009-0099-zSearch in Google Scholar
Gooding, R.W., Olson, J.A. (2001) Fractionation in a Bauer-McNett classifier. J. Pulp Pap. Sci. 27:423–427.Search in Google Scholar
Hirn, U., Bauer, W. (2006) A review of image analysis based methods to evaluate fibre properties. Lenzinger Berichte 86:96–105.Search in Google Scholar
Lapierre, L., Bouchard, J., Berry, R. (2009) The relationship found between fibre length and viscosity of three different commercial kraft pulps. Holzforschung 63:402–407.10.1515/HF.2009.072Search in Google Scholar
Myers, G.C. (1983) Relationship of fibre preparation and characteristics to performance of medium-density hardboards. Forest Prod. J. 33:43–51.Search in Google Scholar
Myers, G.C. (1987) Characterization of fibreboard pulp. Forest Prod. J. 37:30–36.Search in Google Scholar
Que, Z.L., Wang, F.B., Li, J.Z., Furuno, T. (2013) Assessment on emission of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde from building materials. Compos. Part B 49:36–42.10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.01.008Search in Google Scholar
Shi, J.L., Riedl, B., Zhang, S.Y.T. (2006) Multivariate modeling of MDF panel properties in relation to wood fibre characteristics. Holzforschung 60:285–293.10.1515/HF.2006.046Search in Google Scholar
Suchsland, O., Woodson, G.E. Fibreboard Manufacturing Practice in the United States. Forest Service. Agriculture Handbook, 1987, 263 pp.Search in Google Scholar
Suchsland, O., Woodson, G.E., McMillin, C.W. (1987) Effect of cooking conditions on fibre bonding in dry-formed binderless hardboard. Forest Prod. J. 37:65–69.Search in Google Scholar
TAPPI test method T233 cm-95 (1995) Fibre length of pulp by classification. Available at: http://cnr.ncsu.edu/wpsanalytical/documents/T233.pdf. Accessed 06/07/2013.Search in Google Scholar
Weigl, M., Wimmer, R., Ters, T., Mitter, R., Kuncinger, T. (2012a) Within-process and seasonal changes during industrial production of high-density fibreboard. Part 1: influence of wood species composition on polyoses in the products. Holzforschung 66:667–672.10.1515/hf-2012-0031Search in Google Scholar
Weigl, M., Maschl, G., Wimmer, R., Mitter, R. (2012b) Within-process and seasonal changes during industrial production of high-density fibreboard. Part 2: PLS modelling of chemical alterations, refining conditions and panel thickness swell. Holzforschung 66:673–678.10.1515/hf-2012-0033Search in Google Scholar
©2015 by De Gruyter
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Study on the residual lignin in Eucalyptus globulus sulphite pulp
- Hydrogenolysis of lignin in ZnCl2 and KCl as an inorganic molten salt medium
- Synthesis of lignin polyols via oxyalkylation with propylene carbonate
- Preparation of water-dispersive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conductive nanoparticles in lignosulfonic acid solution
- Properties of polyurethane (PUR) films prepared from liquefied wood (LW) and ethylene glycol (EG)
- Dynamic response of earlywood and latewood within annual growth ring structure of Scots pine subjected to changing relative humidity
- One-stage thermo-hydro treatment (THT) of hardwoods: an analysis of form stability after five soaking-drying cycles
- The variation of tangential rheological properties caused by shrinkage anisotropy and moisture content gradient in white birch disks
- Inheritance of basic density and microfibril angle and their variations among full-sib families and their parental clones in Picea glehnii
- Mechanical properties and chemical composition of beech wood exposed for 30 and 120 days to white-rot fungi
- Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 3: Covalent modification of Scots pine sapwood with substituted benzoates providing resistance to Aureobasidium pullulans staining fungi
- Chemical and ultrastructural changes of ash wood thermally modified using the thermo-vacuum process: I. Histo/cytochemical studies on changes in the structure and lignin chemistry
- Chemical and ultrastructural changes of ash wood thermally modified (TMW) using the thermo-vacuum process: II. Immunocytochemical study of the distribution of noncellulosic polysaccharides
- Revisiting hardboard properties from the fiber sorting point of view
- Effects of acetylation and formalization on the dynamic water vapor sorption behavior of wood
- Immune-regulatory activity of methanolic extract of Acacia confusa heartwood and melanoxetin isolated from the extract
- Stereomicroscopic optical method for the assessment of load transfer patterns across the wood-adhesive bond interphase
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Articles
- Study on the residual lignin in Eucalyptus globulus sulphite pulp
- Hydrogenolysis of lignin in ZnCl2 and KCl as an inorganic molten salt medium
- Synthesis of lignin polyols via oxyalkylation with propylene carbonate
- Preparation of water-dispersive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conductive nanoparticles in lignosulfonic acid solution
- Properties of polyurethane (PUR) films prepared from liquefied wood (LW) and ethylene glycol (EG)
- Dynamic response of earlywood and latewood within annual growth ring structure of Scots pine subjected to changing relative humidity
- One-stage thermo-hydro treatment (THT) of hardwoods: an analysis of form stability after five soaking-drying cycles
- The variation of tangential rheological properties caused by shrinkage anisotropy and moisture content gradient in white birch disks
- Inheritance of basic density and microfibril angle and their variations among full-sib families and their parental clones in Picea glehnii
- Mechanical properties and chemical composition of beech wood exposed for 30 and 120 days to white-rot fungi
- Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 3: Covalent modification of Scots pine sapwood with substituted benzoates providing resistance to Aureobasidium pullulans staining fungi
- Chemical and ultrastructural changes of ash wood thermally modified using the thermo-vacuum process: I. Histo/cytochemical studies on changes in the structure and lignin chemistry
- Chemical and ultrastructural changes of ash wood thermally modified (TMW) using the thermo-vacuum process: II. Immunocytochemical study of the distribution of noncellulosic polysaccharides
- Revisiting hardboard properties from the fiber sorting point of view
- Effects of acetylation and formalization on the dynamic water vapor sorption behavior of wood
- Immune-regulatory activity of methanolic extract of Acacia confusa heartwood and melanoxetin isolated from the extract
- Stereomicroscopic optical method for the assessment of load transfer patterns across the wood-adhesive bond interphase