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Anthraquinone polymer catalysts for alkaline delignification of lignocellulosic matter. Part 1. Syntheses and characterizations
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Emmanuel Cazeils
Published/Copyright:
March 21, 2012
Abstract
Syntheses of two new styrene monomers are described, which bear a C4 and C3 chain ending with an anthraquinone (AQ) unit, in para and meta positions of the benzene ring. Both monomers were submitted to radical polymerization, and three linear AQ polystyrene (PS) copolymers (CP-A, CP-B, and CP-C) were prepared. The first two differed by the nature of the link between the AQ and the PS network. An ether oxide group in CP-B gave better accessibility of AQ to the lignin polymer in lignocellulosics, and the incorporation of carboxylic acid functions in CP-C increased its hydrophilicity. The copolymers synthesized were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, ultraviolet, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, such as by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and thermogravimetry (TG). A cross-linked copolymer (CP-3D) bearing AQ units (11.3%) was prepared by emulsion polymerization in the presence of divinylbenzene. Contrary to linear copolymers, the latter was insoluble in aqueous and organic solutions, and displayed remarkable thermal stability.
Keywords: alkaline pulping; anthraquinone; characterization; polymers; polystyrene copolymers; syntheses
Received: 2011-12-14
Accepted: 2012-2-28
Published Online: 2012-03-21
Published in Print: 2012-08-01
©2012 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston
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- Masthead
- Masthead
- Original Papers
- Anthraquinone polymer catalysts for alkaline delignification of lignocellulosic matter. Part 1. Syntheses and characterizations
- Anthraquinone polymer catalysts for alkaline delignification of lignocellulosic matter. Part 2. Action in soda pulping conditions on softwood and phenolic β-O-4 lignin models
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- Analysis of fibre deformation processes in high-consistency refining based on Raman microscopy and X-ray diffraction
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- Effects of systematic variation of wood adherend bending stiffness on fracture properties. Part 2. Revisiting traditional DCB analysis methods
- Determination of adhesive energy at the wood cell-wall/UF interface by nanoindentation (NI)
- Short Notes
- Distribution of extracts including 4,8-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde in Diospyros kaki analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
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Keywords for this article
alkaline pulping;
anthraquinone;
characterization;
polymers;
polystyrene copolymers;
syntheses
Articles in the same Issue
- Masthead
- Masthead
- Original Papers
- Anthraquinone polymer catalysts for alkaline delignification of lignocellulosic matter. Part 1. Syntheses and characterizations
- Anthraquinone polymer catalysts for alkaline delignification of lignocellulosic matter. Part 2. Action in soda pulping conditions on softwood and phenolic β-O-4 lignin models
- Anthraquinone polymer catalysts for alkaline delignification of lignocellulosic matter. Part 3. Delignification of softwood and action on a phenolic β-O-4 lignin model in kraft pulping conditions
- Analysis of fibre deformation processes in high-consistency refining based on Raman microscopy and X-ray diffraction
- Distribution of wood polymers within the cell wall of transgenic aspen imaged by Raman microscopy
- Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 2: Permanent hydrophobization of wood by covalently bonded fluoroorganyl substituents
- Testing of the superhydrophobicity of a zinc oxide nanorod array coating on wood surface prepared by hydrothermal treatment
- Properties of molding plates made with albizia wood particles impregnated with alcohol-soluble PF resins prepared from phenol-liquefied lignins
- Within-ring movement of free water in dehydrating Norway spruce sapwood visualized by neutron radiography
- Influence of hygromechanical history on the longitudinal mechanosorptive creep of wood
- Effects of systematic variation of wood adherend bending stiffness on fracture properties: Part 1. Influence of grain angle
- Effects of systematic variation of wood adherend bending stiffness on fracture properties. Part 2. Revisiting traditional DCB analysis methods
- Determination of adhesive energy at the wood cell-wall/UF interface by nanoindentation (NI)
- Short Notes
- Distribution of extracts including 4,8-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde in Diospyros kaki analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
- Southern pine impregnated with silicate solution containing cellulose nanofibrils
- Meetings
- Meetings
