End-fire circularly polarized antenna for satellite direct link in metal-bezel mobile terminals

Jiajun He; Xiaoming Liu; Shuo Yu; Chen Wang; Xiaojun Jing; Yuanhao Cui

doi:10.1515/freq-2024-0370

Article

End-fire circularly polarized antenna for satellite direct link in metal-bezel mobile terminals

Jiajun He , Xiaoming Liu , Shuo Yu , Chen Wang , Xiaojun Jing and Yuanhao Cui

Published/Copyright: September 12, 2025

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From the journal Frequenz Volume 79 Issue 11-12

Abstract

Design of end-fire circularly polarized (CP) antennas on metal-bezel mobile terminals for satellite direct link poses considerable challenges. To address this challenge, we propose an end-fire CP antenna for metal-bezel mobile terminals. A metal rectangular loop antenna is placed at the top of the structure to create CP radiation. A T-shaped capacitive coupling structure is employed to improve the axial ratio (AR), while a concave slot is integrated into the T-shaped feeding network to form a matching circuit, thereby enhancing impedance matching. A prototype antenna is fabricated to validate the design. Measured results demonstrate that the antenna provides a −6 dB impedance bandwidth of 0.52 % (2,484–2,497 MHz), a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 0.85 % (2,474–2,495 MHz), and a peak gain of 2.3 dBic. Its end-fire radiation has a wide coverage beamwidth up to 103° and 44° for two principal cuts, making it suitable for the S-band of the BeiDou Satellite Navigation System (BDS). The proposed antenna features a compact design, provides ample space for future MIMO systems, and is an ideal candidate for metal-bezel mobile terminals to provide satellite direct link.

Keywords: circular polarization; end-fire; satellite direct link; metal-bezel; rectangular loop

Corresponding author: Xiaoming Liu, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China, E-mail: xiaoming.liu@ahnu.edu.cn

Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China

Award Identifier / Grant number: 61871003

Funding source: Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province

Award Identifier / Grant number: 2308085Y02

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Informed consent: Not applicable.
Author contributions: Jiajun He conducts research, investigations, and Writing Original Draft; Xiaoming Liu is responsible for the review and editing of the writing, as well as the acquisition of funding; Shuo Yu and Chen Wang verified the experimental results; Xiaojun Jing, and Yuanhao Cui provide the software.
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: This work is supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (2308085Y02) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61871003).
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

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Received: 2024-12-12

Accepted: 2025-09-01

Published Online: 2025-09-12

Published in Print: 2025-12-17

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2024-0370

Keywords for this article

circular polarization; end-fire; satellite direct link; metal-bezel; rectangular loop