Axial ratio control of circularly polarized microstrip antenna using miniaturized multilayer graphene resistive pads

Sai Haranadh Akkapanthula; Srujana Kagita

doi:10.1515/freq-2024-0194

Article

Axial ratio control of circularly polarized microstrip antenna using miniaturized multilayer graphene resistive pads

Sai Haranadh Akkapanthula and Srujana Kagita

Published/Copyright: April 18, 2025

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From the journal Frequenz Volume 79 Issue 7-8

Abstract

A circular to linear polarization conversion of microstrip patch antenna using miniature multilayer graphene (MLG) pads is proposed in this article. The antenna consists of a circular radiating patch fed with 90° Branch Line Coupler (BLC) making it circularly polarized. The tiny graphene nano pads are placed on either side of the BLC in a way that one end of graphene pad touches the BLC, and the other is shorted to ground. The resistance of the graphene pads varies from 250 Ω to 54 Ω by applying variable voltage (0 V−6 V). This voltage bias makes the graphene pads conductive and attenuates the power in one of the arms of BLC and thereby converting antenna from circular to linearly polarized mode. The antenna is designed to operate at center frequency 3.3 GHz having operational bandwidth of 420 MHz (3.13 GHz–3.55 GHz), axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 288 MHz (3.255 GHz−3.543 GHz). By varying the bias, the axial ratio in this band can be tuned from < 3 dB to > 5 dB. The measured results are in good agreement with simulated and the proposed antenna can be used for C band wireless applications.

Keywords: attenuation; circular polarization; multilayer graphene; reconfigurable; voltage bias

Corresponding author: Sai Haranadh Akkapanthula, 486381 Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati , Tirupati, Yerpedu, Andhra Pradesh, 517619, India, E-mail: ee22d001@iittp.ac.in

Research ethics: Not applicable.
Informed consent: Not applicable.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: None declared.
Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-06-16

Accepted: 2025-03-31

Published Online: 2025-04-18

Published in Print: 2025-08-26

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2024-0194

Keywords for this article

attenuation; circular polarization; multilayer graphene; reconfigurable; voltage bias