Design and implementation of on-body PEC backed 2 × 2 MIMO antenna

Ribitha Elizabeth Mariadhason; Vadivel Muniyappan

doi:10.1515/freq-2024-0062

Article

Design and implementation of on-body PEC backed 2 × 2 MIMO antenna

Ribitha Elizabeth Mariadhason and Vadivel Muniyappan

Published/Copyright: April 23, 2025

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From the journal Frequenz Volume 79 Issue 7-8

Abstract

A Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna operating at 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band is specifically built and studied for on-body communication. The MIMO elements are identical and designed to resonate at an operational frequency of 2.4 GHz. They are specifically designed to function within an impedance bandwidth of 78.7 MHz. MIMO antenna is constructed on a substrate made of FR-4 material, which has a thickness of 1.6 mm, with a loss tangent of 0.002 and permittivity of 4.4. The simulated and experimental findings indicate that the antenna exhibits favourable levels of isolation, ranging from −20 dB to −22 dB. The designed antenna maintains an Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) below 0.02 and a Diversity Gain (DG) approaching 10 dB across its entire operational bandwidth. The suggested antenna utilizes a Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) as a reflector in order to enhance the gain and mitigate the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the MIMO antenna system. The incorporation of a PEC reflector in the MIMO antenna significantly reduces the SAR value for 10 g of tissue from 6.93 W/kg to 0.0255 W/kg.

Keywords: Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO); Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC); band width; isolation; Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC)

Corresponding author: Ribitha Elizabeth Mariadhason, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119, India, E-mail: ribithaeliza@gmail.com

Research ethics: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.
Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Research funding: No funding is provided for the preparation of manuscript.
Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-02-28

Accepted: 2025-03-31

Published Online: 2025-04-23

Published in Print: 2025-08-26

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Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2024-0062

Keywords for this article

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO); Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC); band width; isolation; Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC)