Bending and SAR analysis on UWB wearable MIMO antenna for on-arm WBAN applications

Shailesh Jayant; Garima Srivastava; Ravindra Purwar

doi:10.1515/freq-2020-0105

Article

Bending and SAR analysis on UWB wearable MIMO antenna for on-arm WBAN applications

Shailesh Jayant , Garima Srivastava and Ravindra Purwar

Published/Copyright: March 1, 2021

Published by

Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Author Information

From the journal Frequenz Volume 75 Issue 5-6

Abstract

Here, a planar Ultra-Wideband (UWB) wearable Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna is designed for on-arm wearable Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. This antenna is designed on a 100% cotton cloth substrate. The two-port MIMO antenna has a dual spinning wheel shape like radiators with the partial ground and microstrip feedings. The two partial grounds are connected to a rectangular strip to have common ground. The complete surface area of the antenna is 40 × 70 mm². In comparison with recently published papers in the same research area, the bending and SAR analysis are also done to estimate the performance of this wearable antenna, which is the novelty of this research work. For entire UWB bandwidth, S–parameters, gain, efficiency, and diversity parameters (Channel Capacity Loss [CCL] and Envelope Correlation Coefficient [ECC]) and far-field simulations are done for all cases such as flat, bend, on body antenna, which demonstrates the appropriateness of the presented antenna to be operated to the human arm.

Keywords: multiple input multiple output (MIMO); specific absorption rate (SAR); textile antenna; ultra-wideband (UWB); wearable antenna; wireless body area network (WBAN)

Corresponding author: Garima Srivastava, Netaji Subhas University of Technology East Campus (Formerly AIACT &R), Geeta Colony, Delhi, 110031, India, E-mail: garima.shrivastav@gmail.com

Author contribution: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
Research funding: None declared.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

References

[1] S. Tripathi, A. Mohan, and S. Yadav, “A compact koch fractal UWB MIMO antenna with WLAN band rejection,” IEEE Antenn. Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 1565–1568, 2015.10.1109/LAWP.2015.2412659Search in Google Scholar

[2] T. Bolin, A. Derneryd, G. Kristensson, et al.., “Two antenna receive diversity performance in indoor environment,” Electron. Lett., vol. 41, pp. 1205–1206, 2005.10.1049/el:20053365Search in Google Scholar

[3] S. Yan and G. A. E. Vandenbosch, “Radiation pattern-reconfigurable wearable antenna based on metamaterial structure,” IEEE Antenn. Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 1715–1718, 2016.10.1109/LAWP.2016.2528299Search in Google Scholar

[4] G. P. Gao, B. Hu, X. L. Tian, et al.., “Experimental study of a wearable aperture-coupled patch antenna for wireless body area network’,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 761–766, 2017.10.1002/mop.30408Search in Google Scholar

[5] A. Alomainy, Y. Hao, C. G. Parini, et al.., “Comparison between two different antennas for UWB on-body propagation measurements,” IEEE Antenn. Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 4, pp. 31–34, 2005.10.1109/LAWP.2005.844143Search in Google Scholar

[6] K. Panda, S. Sahu, and R. K. Mishra, “A compact dual-band 2 × 1 metamaterial inspired MIMO antenna system with high port isolation for LTE and WiMAX applications,” Int. J. RF Microw. Computer-Aided Eng., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1–11, 2017.10.1002/mmce.21122Search in Google Scholar

[7] H. Hussain, A. T. Alreshaid, S. K. Podilchak, et al.., “Compact 4G MIMO antenna integrated with a 5G array for current and future mobile handsets,” IET Microw., Antennas Propag., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 271–279, 2017.10.1049/iet-map.2016.0738Search in Google Scholar

[8] C. M. Luo, J. S. Hong, and L. L. Zhong, “Isolation enhancement of a very compact UWB MIMO slot antenna with two defected ground structure,” IEEE Antenn. Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 14, pp. 1766–1769, 2015.10.1109/LAWP.2015.2423318Search in Google Scholar

[9] T. K. Roshna, U. Deepak, V. R. Sajitha, et al.., “A compact UWB MIMO antenna with reflector to enhance isolation,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 1873–1877, 2015.10.1109/TAP.2015.2398455Search in Google Scholar

[10] M. S. Khan, A. D. Capobianco, A. Iftikhar, et al.., “Ultra-compact dualpolarised UWB MIMO antenna with meandered feeding lines,” IET Microw., Antennas Propag., vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 997–1002, 2017.10.1049/iet-map.2016.1074Search in Google Scholar

[11] W. T. Li, Y. Q. Hei, H. Subbaraman, et al.., “Novel printed filtenna with dual notches and good out-of-band characteristics for UWB-MIMO applications,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 765–767, 2016.10.1109/LMWC.2016.2601298Search in Google Scholar

[12] S. F. Jilani and A. Alomainy, “Millimetre-wave T-shaped MIMO antenna with defected ground structures for 5G cellular networks,” IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 672–677, 2018.10.1049/iet-map.2017.0467Search in Google Scholar

[13] C. Y. D. Sim, C. W. Tseng, and H. J. Leu, “Embroidered wearable antenna for ultra wideband applications,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 2597–2600, 2012.10.1002/mop.27133Search in Google Scholar

[14] D. Wen, Y. Hao, M. O. Munoz, et al.., “A compact and low-profile MIMO antenna using a miniature circular high-impedance surface for wearable applications,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 96–104, 2018.10.1109/TAP.2017.2773465Search in Google Scholar

[15] W. A. Ali, A. M. Mansour, and D. A. Mohamed, “Compact UWB wearable planar antenna mounted on different phantoms and human body,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2531–2536, 2016.10.1002/mop.30088Search in Google Scholar

[16] A. Salam, A. A. Khan, and M. S. Hussain, “Dual band microstrip antenna for wearable applications,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 2531–2536, 2014.10.1002/mop.28210Search in Google Scholar

[17] H. Li, S. Sun, B. Wang, et al.., “Design of compact single-layer textile MIMO antenna for wearable applications,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 3136–3141, 2018.10.1109/TAP.2018.2811844Search in Google Scholar

[18] S. Tobias, A. Al Rawi, T. Morsman, and M. Payne, “Dielectric -Induced surface wave radiation loss,” Proc. Roy. Soc. A, vol. 476, pp. 1–11, 2020.10.1098/rspa.2019.0859Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[19] R. Salvado, C. Loss, R. Goncalves, and P. Pedro, “Textile materials for the design of wearable antennas: A survey,” Sensors, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 15841–15858, 2012.10.3390/s121115841Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[20] M. Karlsson and S. Gong, “Circular dipole antenna for mode 1 UWB radio with integrated balun utilizing a flex-rigid structure,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2967–2971, 2009.10.1109/TAP.2009.2028626Search in Google Scholar

[21] A. A. Gheethan and D. E. Anagnostou, “Dual band-reject UWB antenna with sharp rejection of narrow and closely-spaced bands,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 2071–2076, 2012.10.1109/TAP.2012.2186221Search in Google Scholar

[22] H. R. Khaleel, H. M. Al-Rizzo, D. G. Rucker, et al.., “A compact polyimidebased UWB antenna for flexible electronics,” IEEE Antenn. Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 564–567, 2012.10.1109/LAWP.2012.2199956Search in Google Scholar

[23] C.-P. Deng, X.-Y. Liu, Z.-K. Zhang, et al.., “A miniascape-like triple-band monopole antenna for WBAN applications,” IEEE Antenn. Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 1330–1333, 2012.10.1109/LAWP.2012.2227292Search in Google Scholar

[24] Q. H. Abbasi, M. UrRehman, X. Yang, et al.., “Ultrawideband band-notched flexible antenna for wearable applications,” IEEE Antenn. Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 1606–1609, 2013.10.1109/LAWP.2013.2294214Search in Google Scholar

[25] H. R. Khaleel, “Design and fabrication of compact inkjet printed antennas for integration within flexible and wearable electronics,” IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf. Technol., vol. 10, pp. 1722–1728, 2014.10.1109/TCPMT.2014.2352254Search in Google Scholar

[26] Y. Qiu, Y. H. Jung, S. Lee, et al.., “Compact parylene-c-coated flexible antenna for WLAN and upper-band UWB applications,” Electron. Lett., vol. 50, no. 24, pp. 1782–1784, 2014.10.1049/el.2014.3647Search in Google Scholar

[27] M. L. Scarpello, D. Kurup, H. Rogier, et al.., “Design of an implantable slot dipole conformal flexible antenna for biomedical applications,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 3556–3564, 2011.10.1109/TAP.2011.2163761Search in Google Scholar

[28] S. Nikolaou, G. E. Ponchak, J. Papapolymerou, et al.., “Conformal double exponentially tapered slot antenna (DETSA) on LCP for UWB applications,” EEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 54, pp. 1663–1669, 2006.10.1109/TAP.2006.875915Search in Google Scholar

[29] N. Singh, A. K. Singh, and V. K. Singh, “Design and performance of wearable ultrawide band textile antenna for medical applications,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1553–1557, 2015.10.1002/mop.29131Search in Google Scholar

[30] H. Xiaomu, S. Yan, and G. A. E. Vandenbosch, “Wearable button antenna for dual-band WLAN applications with combined on and off-body radiation patterns,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 1384–1387, 2017.10.1109/TAP.2017.2653768Search in Google Scholar

[31] R. Saleem, M. Bilal, K. B. Bajwa, et al.., “Eight-element UWB-MIMO array with three distinct isolation mechanisms,” Eelectron. Lett., vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 311–313, 2015.10.1049/el.2014.4199Search in Google Scholar

[32] A. C. J. Malathi and D. Thiripurasundari, “Review on isolation techniques in MIMO antenna systems,” Indian J. Sci. Technol., vol. 9, no. 35, pp. 1–10, 2016.10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i35/96704Search in Google Scholar

[33] L. Grau, A. Andujar, and J. Anguera, “On the isolation of a MIMO 2 × 2 antenna system using non-resonant elements: 1.71 GHz–2.69 GHz case study,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 2348–2353, 2017.10.1002/mop.30734Search in Google Scholar

[34] A. K. Biswas and U. Chakraborty, “Compact wearable MIMO antenna with improved port isolation for ultra-wideband applications,” IET Microw., Antennas Propag., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 498–504, 2019.10.1049/iet-map.2018.5599Search in Google Scholar

[35] Y. Li, H. Shen, H. Zou, H. Wang, and G. Yang, “A compact UWB MIMO antenna for 4.5G/5G wearable device applications,” in 2017 Sixth Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), IEEE Conf., Xi’an, 2017.10.1109/APCAP.2017.8420881Search in Google Scholar

[36] Federal Communications Commission, “Radio frequency safety information on human exposure to radiofrequency fields from cellular and pcs radio transmitters 1997,” [Online]. Available at: http://www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety/cellpcs.html.Search in Google Scholar

[37] Y. Sun, S. Wai Cheung, and I. Y. Tung, “Design of a textile ultra-wideband antenna with stable performance for body-centric wireless communications,” IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 8, no. 15, pp. 1363–1375, 2014.10.1049/iet-map.2013.0658Search in Google Scholar

[38] Pinterest, “Charkha wall clock,” [Online]. Available at: https://ar.pinterest.com/pin/293789575664356815/?amp_client_id=CLIENT_ID(_)&mweb_unauth_id=&from_amp_pin_page=true.Search in Google Scholar

[39] S. R. Zahran, M. A. Abdalla, and A. Gaafar, “New thin wide-band bracelet-like antenna with low SAR for on-arm WBAN applications,” ET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1219–1225, 2019.10.1049/iet-map.2018.5801Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2020-07-07

Accepted: 2021-02-13

Published Online: 2021-03-01

Published in Print: 2021-05-26

You are currently not able to access this content.

Articles in the same Issue

https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2020-0105

Keywords for this article

multiple input multiple output (MIMO); specific absorption rate (SAR); textile antenna; ultra-wideband (UWB); wearable antenna; wireless body area network (WBAN)