Abstract
In this paper, I conduct a synchronic investigation of the Old Persian adverb vasai̯. In some cases, this adverb functions as a degree intensifier whereas in others it appears to quantify over an argument NP. By drawing on analyses of adverbs like French beaucoup, English completely and German größtenteils, I will argue that a unified semantic analysis can be applied to all attestations of vasai̯. I will argue that in all attestations, vasai̯ indicates a high position on a scale. What differs in the respective passages is the nature of the scale. It can be an intensity scale specified by the predicate or a volume scale specified by an argument of the predicate. The latter case yields an interpretation that can be paraphrased by using an adnominal quantifier like much. In addition to the semantic analysis, I will argue that, contrary to the assumption made by several scholars, vasai̯ is always to be interpreted as an adverb and does not function as an uninflected noun or adjective.
Acknowledgments
I have presented preliminary results of my research for this article in two colloquia at the University of Cologne. I would like to thank my friends and colleagues for their helpful comments. In particular, I would like to thank Sylvia Hutter for her advice on the Babylonian data and for providing the glosses of all Babylonian examples in this article. In addition, I would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their fruitful comments and suggestions, and Leonard del Federico for proofreading my article. Of course, all mistakes are my own.
Abbreviations
Languages
- Goth.
-
Gothic
- OHG
-
Old High German
- ON
-
Old Norse
- PIE
-
Proto-Indo-European
Glosses
- 1
-
1st person
- 2
-
2nd person
- 3
-
3rd person
- abl
-
ablative
- acc
-
accusative
- adv
-
adverb
- aor
-
aorist
- c
-
common gender
- caus
-
causative
- dat
-
dative
- dem
-
demonstrative pronoun
- du
-
dual
- dur
-
durative
- f
-
feminine
- gen
-
genitive
- imp
-
imperative
- inf
-
infinitive
- inj
-
injunctive
- ins
-
instrumental
- loc
-
locative
- lp
-
local particle
- m
-
masculine
- mid
-
middle
- n
-
neuter
- neg
-
negation
- nom
-
nominative
- opt
-
optative
- perf
-
perfect
- pl
-
plural
- pn
-
proper name
- ppp
-
perfect passive participle
- prs
-
present
- prt
-
particle
- pst
-
past
- ptcp
-
participle
- quot
-
quotative
- rel
-
relative pronoun
- sbjv
-
subjunctive
- sg
-
singular
- vadj
-
verbal adjective
- voc
-
vocative
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