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Measurement of the size and charge distribution of sodium chloride particles generated by an Aeroneb Pro® pharmaceutical nebulizer

  • Matthew P. Simones

    Matthew Simones is a PhD candidate and a Research Assistant in the Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute at the University of Missouri. His research interests include aerosol measurement and characterization, measurement of viscosity and velocity slip coefficients in binary gas mixtures, and numerical simulation of fission gas release from porous nuclear fuel. He is scheduled to graduate in December of 2013.

         , Sudarshan K. Loyalka

    Sudarshan Loyalka is a Curators’ Professor of Nuclear Engineering in the Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute at the University of Missouri. His research interests are in transport theory, aerosol mechanics, the kinetic theory of gases, and neutron reactor physics and safety. He is a Fellow of both the American Physical Society and the American Nuclear Society. He received the David Sinclair Award of the American Association for Aerosol Research in 1995. He is a co-author of, “Aerosol Science: theory and practice with special applications to the Nuclear Industry,” by M. M. R. Williams and S. K. Loyalka, Pergamon/Elsevier (1991).

     EMAIL logo     , Conor Duffy

    Conor Duffy is employed as Chief Scientific Officer with responsibility for all Aerosol Science activities within Aerogen. In addition he plays a key role in liaising with Pharmaceutical companies. He has been employed by Aerogen for 7½ years. Prior to Aerogen Dr. Duffy has 3½ years’ experience as Quality Manager in an in vitro, Diagnostic (IVD) company. He also has 2½ years’ experience in managing a critical QC function in a regulated environment for an Irish biopharmaceutical company producing a human recombinant protein for therapeutic use. Prior to those industrial positions he has 4½ years’ experience in a post-doctoral research role. Dr. Duffy holds a degree in Biochemistry from Trinity College Dublin and a PhD from NUI Galway.

         , Ronan MacLoughlin

    Ronan MacLoughlin has over 13 years’ experience working in the field of aerosol-mediated therapeutic delivery. His experience spans drug formulation, nebuliser design and development and his work has resulted in several medical device approvals worldwide. More recently Dr. MacLoughlin has focused on nanoparticle, gene therapy and vaccine development along with drug/device combination development. His most recent efforts in this space have resulted in the development of potential gene therapies for acute lung injury, Tuberculosis vaccine therapies and a liquid-insulin inhaler. Dr. MacLoughlin currently sits on a Gates Foundation Scientific Advisory Board focused on the development of an aerosolised measles vaccine. Additionally, he has been appointed to the expert review panel charged with the revision of the international standard ISO 27427, specifically relevant to nebulisers. Dr. MacLoughlin is a graduate of the National University of Ireland, Galway with qualifications in Biochemistry (2000), Industrial Engineering (2001), PhD Medicine (2009). He has also completed a H.Dip in Business Management (2013).

         , Amy Tatham

    Amy Tatham is a Medical Science Liaison working at Aerogen Ltd. Amy obtained a PhD from Oxford University in 2009 in molecular cardiology researching key regulators of nitric oxide synthesis in atherosclerosis. She completed a Postdoctoral research project looking at the link between nutrition and prostate cancer at the University of Auckland before moving to Fisher and Paykel healthcare as a Clinical Research Scientist, where she coordinated the activities of clinical trials and research studies investigating the efficacy of preterm infant respiratory devices. At Aerogen Amy helps coordinate the aerosol therapy clinical research programme.

         and Patrick Power

    Patrick Power is an Aerosol Scientist employed by Aerogen Ltd. Patrick has worked for Aerogen for 6 years and for Aerogen’s surgical spin-off, AeroSurgical, for 2 years. He has played a central role in device development particularly in regards to Aerogen’s Non-Invasive Ventilation and Emergency Room devices as well as AeroSurgical’s platform device, for which he holds a patent. Patrick obtained a Masters in Biomedical Science from NUI Galway in 2010 with a dissertation on ‘Methods of Improving Aerosol Delivery to the Pneumoperitoneum’. He has also completed a H.Dip in Business Management in 2013.
Published/Copyright: January 22, 2014
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European Journal of Nanomedicine
From the journal European Journal of Nanomedicine Volume 6 Issue 1

Abstract

The charge distribution of aerosol is an important factor for accurate prediction of aerosol behavior as it influences particle transport, settling, deposition, and coagulation. In the production of aerosol for pulmonary drug delivery, charging of aerosol particles is influenced by both the generation method and chemical properties of the drug. Electrostatic charging of add-on devices such as plastic spacers and holding chambers will reduce the delivery to the lung, while charged particles can also enhance deposition to the respiratory system by inducing an image charge to airway surfaces. Typical target particle size for delivery devices in terms of mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) is 1–5 μm, and therefore up to 50% of the dose includes submicron particles in the fine (100–1000 nm) and ultrafine (<100 nm) size range. Measurement of the charge distribution of submicron particles produced using a vibrating mesh nebulizer is presented using a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA). It is found that the charge distribution is not at equilibrium, but instead has an increase in the fraction of charged particles below 200 nm and a decrease in the charged fraction above 200 nm. In general the charge distribution will be dependent on the specific aerosol nebulizer setup being used and the chemical properties of the nebulized solution, and it could be further quantified by using the methods discussed here.

Keywords: charge; nanoparticles; size
Corresponding author: Sudarshan K. Loyalka, Particulate Systems Research Center, Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute, University of Missouri, E2433 Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA, e-mail:

About the authors

Matthew P. Simones

Matthew Simones is a PhD candidate and a Research Assistant in the Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute at the University of Missouri. His research interests include aerosol measurement and characterization, measurement of viscosity and velocity slip coefficients in binary gas mixtures, and numerical simulation of fission gas release from porous nuclear fuel. He is scheduled to graduate in December of 2013.

Sudarshan K. Loyalka

Sudarshan Loyalka is a Curators’ Professor of Nuclear Engineering in the Nuclear Science and Engineering Institute at the University of Missouri. His research interests are in transport theory, aerosol mechanics, the kinetic theory of gases, and neutron reactor physics and safety. He is a Fellow of both the American Physical Society and the American Nuclear Society. He received the David Sinclair Award of the American Association for Aerosol Research in 1995. He is a co-author of, “Aerosol Science: theory and practice with special applications to the Nuclear Industry,” by M. M. R. Williams and S. K. Loyalka, Pergamon/Elsevier (1991).

Conor Duffy

Conor Duffy is employed as Chief Scientific Officer with responsibility for all Aerosol Science activities within Aerogen. In addition he plays a key role in liaising with Pharmaceutical companies. He has been employed by Aerogen for 7½ years. Prior to Aerogen Dr. Duffy has 3½ years’ experience as Quality Manager in an in vitro, Diagnostic (IVD) company. He also has 2½ years’ experience in managing a critical QC function in a regulated environment for an Irish biopharmaceutical company producing a human recombinant protein for therapeutic use. Prior to those industrial positions he has 4½ years’ experience in a post-doctoral research role. Dr. Duffy holds a degree in Biochemistry from Trinity College Dublin and a PhD from NUI Galway.

Ronan MacLoughlin

Ronan MacLoughlin has over 13 years’ experience working in the field of aerosol-mediated therapeutic delivery. His experience spans drug formulation, nebuliser design and development and his work has resulted in several medical device approvals worldwide. More recently Dr. MacLoughlin has focused on nanoparticle, gene therapy and vaccine development along with drug/device combination development. His most recent efforts in this space have resulted in the development of potential gene therapies for acute lung injury, Tuberculosis vaccine therapies and a liquid-insulin inhaler. Dr. MacLoughlin currently sits on a Gates Foundation Scientific Advisory Board focused on the development of an aerosolised measles vaccine. Additionally, he has been appointed to the expert review panel charged with the revision of the international standard ISO 27427, specifically relevant to nebulisers. Dr. MacLoughlin is a graduate of the National University of Ireland, Galway with qualifications in Biochemistry (2000), Industrial Engineering (2001), PhD Medicine (2009). He has also completed a H.Dip in Business Management (2013).

Amy Tatham

Amy Tatham is a Medical Science Liaison working at Aerogen Ltd. Amy obtained a PhD from Oxford University in 2009 in molecular cardiology researching key regulators of nitric oxide synthesis in atherosclerosis. She completed a Postdoctoral research project looking at the link between nutrition and prostate cancer at the University of Auckland before moving to Fisher and Paykel healthcare as a Clinical Research Scientist, where she coordinated the activities of clinical trials and research studies investigating the efficacy of preterm infant respiratory devices. At Aerogen Amy helps coordinate the aerosol therapy clinical research programme.

Patrick Power

Patrick Power is an Aerosol Scientist employed by Aerogen Ltd. Patrick has worked for Aerogen for 6 years and for Aerogen’s surgical spin-off, AeroSurgical, for 2 years. He has played a central role in device development particularly in regards to Aerogen’s Non-Invasive Ventilation and Emergency Room devices as well as AeroSurgical’s platform device, for which he holds a patent. Patrick obtained a Masters in Biomedical Science from NUI Galway in 2010 with a dissertation on ‘Methods of Improving Aerosol Delivery to the Pneumoperitoneum’. He has also completed a H.Dip in Business Management in 2013.

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Received: 2013-6-20
Accepted: 2013-12-6
Published Online: 2014-01-22
Published in Print: 2014-03-01

©2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Cover and Frontmatter
  2. Notice from the Editorial Office
  3. News from the European Foundation for Nanomedicine (CLINAM)
  4. What’s up in nanomedicine?
  5. Introducing our Cover Contest Winner
  6. Living immune cells as drug carriers in cancer therapy
  7. Critical Review
  8. Towards nano-diagnostics for rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases – current technological state
  9. Original Articles
  10. Measurement of the size and charge distribution of sodium chloride particles generated by an Aeroneb Pro® pharmaceutical nebulizer
  11. Tailoring surface nanostructures on polyaryletherketones for load-bearing implants
  12. Opinion paper: Meeting report
  13. Nanomedicine: visions, risk, potential
  14. Corrigendum
  15. Nanoemulsions: increasing possibilities in drug delivery
https://doi.org/10.1515/ejnm-2013-0018
Keywords for this article
charge; nanoparticles; size

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Cover and Frontmatter
  2. Notice from the Editorial Office
  3. News from the European Foundation for Nanomedicine (CLINAM)
  4. What’s up in nanomedicine?
  5. Introducing our Cover Contest Winner
  6. Living immune cells as drug carriers in cancer therapy
  7. Critical Review
  8. Towards nano-diagnostics for rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases – current technological state
  9. Original Articles
  10. Measurement of the size and charge distribution of sodium chloride particles generated by an Aeroneb Pro® pharmaceutical nebulizer
  11. Tailoring surface nanostructures on polyaryletherketones for load-bearing implants
  12. Opinion paper: Meeting report
  13. Nanomedicine: visions, risk, potential
  14. Corrigendum
  15. Nanoemulsions: increasing possibilities in drug delivery
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