Abstract
This research examines the removal efficiency of organic chloride (OC) compounds from the naphtha fraction of polluted crude oil (CO) using sintered micro and nano γ-Al2O3 at a consistent temperature of 30 °C. The adsorbents were characterized through BET, SEM-EDS, and XRD analyses. When utilizing micro-adsorbents to eliminate OC components from naphtha fraction samples containing initial contaminant concentrations of 105 and 8.5 mg/L, the maximum removal efficiency reached only 28 % and 56 %, respectively. In contrast, the use of nano-based adsorbents resulted in significantly higher adsorption percentages, exceeding 45 % and 96 % for the same two samples, respectively. Equilibrium investigations revealed that the Freundlich isotherm model yielded a superior match for the adsorption equilibrium data for the nano-adsorbents case, while the Langmuir model accurately characterized the data for the micro-adsorbents. Kinetic data analysis indicated that the adsorption kinetics for nano-adsorbents followed the pseudo-second-order model, while the micro-adsorbents obeyed the intra-particle diffusion mechanism. Overall, these findings suggest that sintered γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) are more effective than microparticles (MPs) for the adsorptive removal of organic chlorides (OCs) from crude oil’s naphtha distillate.
-
Research ethics: Not applicable.
-
Author contributions: 1-Mr. Behnam Hosseingholilou. Contributions: Analyzed data, wrote the paper. 2-Dr. Samad Arjang Contributions: Performed experiments, analyzed data. 3-Dr. Majid Saidi Contributions: Designed and performed experiments, analyzed data, and co-wrote the paper.
-
Competing interests: The author(s) state(s) no conflict of interest.
-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.
References
1. Lu, Z. Experimental and theoretical performance analysis of the silica gel, LiCl with water, methanol multifunction adsorption system. Int J Energy Res 2019;438509–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4850.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Cheng, P, Hu, YH. Acetylene adsorption on defected MIL-53. Int J Energy Res 2016;40:846–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3492.Suche in Google Scholar
3. Stosur, JJ. Approaches to extracting potentially recoverable hydrocarbons. Int J Energy Res 1977;1:99–114. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4440010202.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Alhajji, M, Demirel, Y. Energy and environmental sustainability assessment of a crude oil refinery by thermodynamic analysis. Int J Energy Res 2015;39:1925–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3419.Suche in Google Scholar
5. Wu, B, Li, X, Li, Y, Zhu, J, Wang, J. Hydrolysis reaction tendency of low-boiling organic chlorides to generate hydrogen chloride in crude oil distillation. Energy Fuel 2016;30:1524–30. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02926.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Febrianto, J, Kosasih, AN, Sunarso, J, Ju, Y-H, Indraswati, N, Ismadji, S. Equilibrium and kinetic studies in adsorption of heavy metals using biosorbent: a summary of recent studies. J Hazard Mater 2009;162:616–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.042.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Wang, Y, Wu, K, Liu, Q, Zhang, H. Low chlorine oil production through fast pyrolysis of mixed plastics combined with hydrothermal dechlorination pretreatment. Process Saf Environ Protect 2021;149:105–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.10.023.Suche in Google Scholar
8. Ogawa, T. Effect of nonextractable chlorides on refinery corrosion and fouling. Houston: TX Natl Assoc Corros Eng; 2004.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Wu, B, Li, Y, Li, X, Zhu, J, Ma, R, Hu, S. Organochlorine compounds with a low boiling point in desalted crude oil: identification and conversion. Energy Fuel 2018;32:6475–81. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b00205.Suche in Google Scholar
10. Biomorgi, J, Hernández, S, Marín, J, Rodriguez, E, Lara, M, Viloria, A. Internal corrosion studies in hydrocarbons production pipelines located at Venezuelan Northeastern. Chem Eng Res Des 2012;90:1159–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2011.12.013.Suche in Google Scholar
11. Tang, X, Wang, S, Qian, L, Li, Y, Lin, Z, Xu, D, et al.. Corrosion behavior of nickel base alloys, stainless steel and titanium alloy in supercritical water containing chloride, phosphate and oxygen. Chem Eng Res Des 2015;100:530–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2015.05.003.Suche in Google Scholar
12. Ma, R, Zhu, J, Wu, B, Li, X. Adsorptive removal of organic chloride from model jet fuel by Na-LSX zeolite: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Chem Eng Res Des 2016;114:321–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2016.08.028.Suche in Google Scholar
13. Zhan, BZ, Timken, HKC, Driver, MSI. Process for reducing chloride in hydrocarbon products using an ionic liquid catalyst. U.S. Patent No. 8,969,645. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Kim, H, Lee, JJ, Moon, SH. Hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene compounds using fluorinated NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts. Appl Catal B Environ 2003;44:287–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(03)00077-8.Suche in Google Scholar
15. Lacher, JR, Kianpour, A, Oetting, F, Park, JD. Reaction calorimetry. The hydrogenation of organic fluorides and chlorides. Trans Faraday Soc 1956;52:1500. https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9565201500.Suche in Google Scholar
16. Johnson, TH. Reduction of residual organic chlorine in hydrocarbyl amines. USH1143 H. U.S. Patent Application No. 07/775,383; 1993.Suche in Google Scholar
17. Bauer, J, Herrmann, R, Mittelbach, W, Schwieger, W. Zeolite/aluminum composite adsorbents for application in adsorption refrigeration. Int J Energy Res 2009;33:1233–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1611.Suche in Google Scholar
18. Zhang, XJ, Sumathy, K, Dai, YJ, Wang, RZ. Parametric study on the silica gel-calcium chloride composite desiccant rotary wheel employing fractal BET adsorption isotherm. Int J Energy Res 2005;29:37–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1035.Suche in Google Scholar
19. Ganesan, S, Eswaran, M, Chokkiah, B, Dhanusuraman, R, Lingassamy, AP, Ponnusamy, VK, et al.. Facile and low-cost production of Lantana camara stalk-derived porous carbon nanostructures with excellent supercapacitance and adsorption performance. Int J Energy Res 2021;45:17440–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5730.Suche in Google Scholar
20. Gao, F, Li, H, Zhang, J, Zhu, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, K, et al.. Fabrication of nano-layer-structure alumina powders from an alumina concentrate through an intensified Bayer process. Chem Eng Process – Process Intensif 2022;175:108907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2022.108907.Suche in Google Scholar
21. ASTM. Standard test method for distillation of petroleum products and liquid fuels at atmospheric pressure. West Conshohocken: Annual Book of Standards; 2016.Suche in Google Scholar
22. Katona, R, Krójer, A, Locskai, R, Bátor, G, Kovács, T. Comparison of analytical methods for measuring chloride content in crude oil. Appl Radiat Isot 2021;170:109594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109594.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
23. Ma, J, Jia, Y, Jing, Y, Yao, Y, Sun, J. Kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue adsorption by cobalt-hectorite composite. Dyes Pigments 2012;93:1441–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.08.010.Suche in Google Scholar
24. Subramani, SE, Thinakaran, N. Isotherm kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the adsorption behaviour of textile dyes onto chitosan. Process Saf Environ Protect 2017;106:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2016.11.024.Suche in Google Scholar
25. Saleh, TA, Tuzen, M, Sarı, A. Effective antimony removal from wastewaters using polymer modified sepiolite: isotherm kinetic and thermodynamic analysis. Chem Eng Res Des 2022;184:215–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.045.Suche in Google Scholar
26. Mahmoud, ME, Amira, MF, Seleim, SM, Mohamed, AK. Adsorption isotherm models, kinetics study, and thermodynamic parameters of Ni(II) and Zn(II) removal from water using the LbL technique. J Chem Eng Data 2017;62:839–50. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.6b00865.Suche in Google Scholar
27. Ikeda, A, Matsuura, W, Abe, C, Hasegawa, Y. Kinetic study of the zeolite membrane-assisted transesterification reaction with methanol removal. Chem Eng Process - Process Intensif 2022;172:108778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2022.108778.Suche in Google Scholar
28. Hameed, BH, Rahman, AA. Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from biomass material. J Hazard Mater 2008;160:576–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.028.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
29. Auta, M, Hameed, BH. Modified mesoporous clay adsorbent for adsorption isotherm and kinetics of methylene blue. Chem Eng J 2012;198–199:219–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.05.075.Suche in Google Scholar
30. Mthombeni, NH, Mbakop, S, Ochieng, A, Onyango, MS. Vanadium (V) adsorption isotherms and kinetics using polypyrrole coated magnetized natural zeolite. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016;66:172–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.06.016.Suche in Google Scholar
31. Saleh, TA, Sarı, A, Tuzen, M. Effective adsorption of antimony(III) from aqueous solutions by polyamide-graphene composite as a novel adsorbent. Chem Eng J 2017;307:230–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.070.Suche in Google Scholar
32. Krishnan, GR, Radhika, R, Jayalatha, T, Jacob, S, Rajeev, R, George, BK, et al.. Removal of perchlorate from drinking water using granular activated carbon modified by acidic functional group: adsorption kinetics and equilibrium studies. Process Saf Environ Protect 2017;109:158–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2017.03.014.Suche in Google Scholar
33. Yılmazoğlu, M, Kanmaz, N, Hızal, J. Highly efficient sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) adsorbent for removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solution. Process Saf Environ Protect 2023;174:848–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2023.04.054.Suche in Google Scholar
34. Weber, WJ, Morris, JC. Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution. J Sanit Eng Div 1963;89:31–59. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSEDAI.0000430.Suche in Google Scholar
35. Rozita, Y, Brydson, R, Scott, AJ. An investigation of commercial gamma-Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles. J Phys Conf Ser 2010;241:012096. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/241/1/012096.Suche in Google Scholar
36. Piriyawong, V, Thongpool, V, Asanithi, P, Limsuwan, P. Preparation and characterization of alumina nanoparticles in deionized water using laser ablation technique. J Nanomater 2012;2012:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/819403.Suche in Google Scholar
37. Munhoz, AHJr., de Paiva, H, Figueiredo de Miranda, L, de Oliveira, EC, Andrades, RC, Ribeiro, RR. Study of gamma alumina synthesis – analysis of the specific surface area. Advances in Science and Technology; 2014:54–60 pp.10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.87.54Suche in Google Scholar
38. Dubey, S, Singh, A, Nim, B, Singh, IB. Optimization of molar concentration of AlCl3 salt in the sol–gel synthesis of nanoparticles of gamma alumina and their application in the removal of fluoride of water. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 2017;82:468–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-017-4336-9.Suche in Google Scholar
39. Dehghani, MH, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadi, MA, Mahvi, AH, Yetilmezsoy, K, Bhatnagar, A, et al.. Equilibrium and kinetic studies of trihalomethanes adsorption onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Water, Air, Soil Pollut 2016;227:332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-3029-2.Suche in Google Scholar
40. Moradi, H, Azizpour, H, Bahmanyar, H, Emamian, M. Molecular dynamic simulation of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen adsorption on Faujasite zeolite. Chin J Chem Eng 2022;43:70–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2021.05.034.Suche in Google Scholar
41. Fallou, H, Cimetière, N, Giraudet, S, Wolbert, D, Le Cloirec, P. Adsorption of pharmaceuticals onto activated carbon fiber cloths – modeling and extrapolation of adsorption isotherms at very low concentrations. J Environ Manag 2016;166:544–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.056.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
42. Saadi, R, Saadi, Z, Fazaeli, R, Fard, NE. Monolayer and multilayer adsorption isotherm models for sorption from aqueous media. Kor J Chem Eng 2015;32:787–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0053-7.Suche in Google Scholar
43. Tavakoli, H, Ghasemi, MR. Equilibrium, kinetics and breakthrough studies for adsorption of hydrogen fluoride on sodium fluoride. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 2010;49:435–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2010.02.006.Suche in Google Scholar
44. Çelekli, A, İlgün, G, Bozkurt, H. Sorption equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic, and desorption studies of Reactive Red 120 on Chara contraria. Chem Eng J 2012;191:228–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.03.007.Suche in Google Scholar
45. Nilchi, A, Saberi, R, Azizpour, H, Moradi, M, Zarghami, R, Naushad, M. Adsorption of caesium from aqueous solution using cerium molybdate–pan composite. Chem Ecol 2012;28:169–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2011.629196.Suche in Google Scholar
46. Almeida, CAP, Debacher, NA, Downs, AJ, Cottet, L, Mello, CAD. Removal of methylene blue from colored effluents by adsorption on montmorillonite clay. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009;332:46–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2008.12.012.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Supplementary Material
This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2023-0064).
© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Removal efficiency of organic chloride from naphtha fraction using micro and nano-γ-Al2O3 sintered adsorbents
- Energy, exergy, and economic analyses and optimization of a deethanizer tower of a petrochemical plant
- Solar driven desalination system for power and desalination water production by concentrated PVT and MED system
- Energy and exergy analysis of primary steam superheating effects on the steam ejector applied in the solar renewable refrigeration cycle in the presence of spontaneous nucleation
- Numerical investigation of the effects of dry gas model and wet steam model in solar-driven refrigeration ejector system
- Numerical investigation of different biomass feedstock on syngas production using steam gasification and thermodynamic analysis
- Numerical and experimental study of the baffle-based split and recombine chamber (B-SARC) micromixers
- Direct synthesis based sliding mode controller design for unstable second order with dead-time processes with its application on continuous stirred tank reactor
- Classification and authentication of operating conditions in different processes using Partial Least Squares
- Enhancing heat exchanger efficiency with novel perforated cone-shaped turbulators and nanofluids: a computational study
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Removal efficiency of organic chloride from naphtha fraction using micro and nano-γ-Al2O3 sintered adsorbents
- Energy, exergy, and economic analyses and optimization of a deethanizer tower of a petrochemical plant
- Solar driven desalination system for power and desalination water production by concentrated PVT and MED system
- Energy and exergy analysis of primary steam superheating effects on the steam ejector applied in the solar renewable refrigeration cycle in the presence of spontaneous nucleation
- Numerical investigation of the effects of dry gas model and wet steam model in solar-driven refrigeration ejector system
- Numerical investigation of different biomass feedstock on syngas production using steam gasification and thermodynamic analysis
- Numerical and experimental study of the baffle-based split and recombine chamber (B-SARC) micromixers
- Direct synthesis based sliding mode controller design for unstable second order with dead-time processes with its application on continuous stirred tank reactor
- Classification and authentication of operating conditions in different processes using Partial Least Squares
- Enhancing heat exchanger efficiency with novel perforated cone-shaped turbulators and nanofluids: a computational study