Soils Contaminated with Explosives: Environmental Fate and Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Remediation Processes (IUPAC Technical Report)
Soils Contaminated with Explosives: Environmental Fate and Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Remediation Processes (IUPAC Technical Report)
Dimitrios Kalderis, et al.
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2011
Vol. 83, No. 7, pp. 1407–1484
An explosion occurs when a large amount of energy is suddenly released. This energy may come from an over-pressurized steam boiler, from the products of a chemical reaction involving explosive materials, or from a nuclear reaction that is uncontrolled. In order for an explosion to occur, there must be a local accumulation of energy at the site of the explosion, which is suddenly released. This release of energy can be dissipated as blast waves, propulsion of debris, or by the emission of thermal and ionizing radiation. Modern explosives or energetic materials are nitrogen-containing organic compounds with the potential for self-oxidation to small gaseous molecules (N2, H2O, and CO2). Explosives are classified as primary or secondary based on their susceptibility of initiation. Primary explosives are highly susceptible to initiation and are often used to ignite secondary explosives, such as TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX (1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine), HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane), and tetryl (N-methyl-N-2,4,6-tetranitro-aniline).
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Masthead
- From the Editor
- Contents
- Better than “Steady as She Goes”
- Avogadro’s True Legacy
- The Discovery and Synthesis of Alimta
- The Kilogram in the “New SI”
- Part I–From the Current “Kilogram Problem” to a Proposed Definition
- Part II–Explicit- Constant Definitions for the Kilogram and for the Mole
- “Undersökning af en ny Mineral-kropp, funnen i de orenare sorterna af det vid Fahlun tillverkade svaflet.”
- 2012 Thieme–IUPAC Prize–Call for Nominations
- 2012 IUPAC Richter-Prize–Call for Nominations
- Crop Protection Chemistry Award Reminder
- James Flack Norris Award to Peter Mahaffy
- In Memoriam
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- Macromolecular Symposia
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