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Volatile Organic Compounds in Pesticide Formulations: Methods to Estimate Ozone Formation Potential

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Chemistry International -- Newsmagazine for IUPAC
From the journal Chemistry International -- Newsmagazine for IUPAC Volume 33 Issue 5

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Making an imPACt|Recent IUPAC technical reports and recommendations that affect the many fields of pure and applied chemistry.

See also www.iupac.org/publications/pac

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Volatile Organic Compounds in Pesticide Formulations: Methods to Estimate Ozone Formation Potential

Mazyar Zeinali et al.

Atmospheric Environment 45 (2011) 2404e2412; doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.015

The environmental fate and toxicity of active ingredients in pesticide formulations have been investigated for many decades, but relatively little research has been conducted on the fate of pesticide co-formulants or inerts. Some co-formulants are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and can contribute to ground-level ozone pollution. Effective product assessment methods are required to reduce emissions of the most reactive VOCs. Six emulsifiable concentrate pesticide products were characterized for percent VOC by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and gas chromatographyemass spectrometry (GCeMS). TGA estimates exceeded GCeMS by 10–50% in all but one product, indicating that for some products a fraction of active ingredient is released during TGA or that VOC contribution was underestimated by GCeMS. VOC profiles were examined using TGAeFourier transform infrared (FTIR) evolved gas analysis and were compared to GCeMS results. The TGAeFTIR method worked best for products with the simplest and most volatile formulations, but could be developed into an effective product screening tool. An ozone formation potential (OFP) for each product was calculated using the chemical composition from GCeMS and published maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) values. OFP values ranged from 0.1 to 3.1 g ozone g-1 product. A24-h VOC emission simulation was developed for each product assuming a constant emission rate calculated from an equation relating maximum flux rate to vapor pressure. Results indicate 100% VOC loss for some products within a few hours, while other products containing less volatile components will remain in the field for several days after application. An alternate method to calculate a product OFP was investigated utilizing the fraction of the total mass of each chemical emitted at the end of the 24-h simulation. The ideal assessment approach will include: 1) unambiguous chemical composition information, 2) flexible simulation models to estimate emissions under different management practices, and 3) accurate reactivity predictions.

This publication serves as the final outcome of IUPAC project 2006-011-1-600.

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Published Online: 2011-09-01
Published in Print: 2011-09

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Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. From the Editor
  3. Contents
  4. Better than “Steady as She Goes”
  5. Avogadro’s True Legacy
  6. The Discovery and Synthesis of Alimta
  7. The Kilogram in the “New SI”
  8. Part I–From the Current “Kilogram Problem” to a Proposed Definition
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  11. 2012 Thieme–IUPAC Prize–Call for Nominations
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  13. Crop Protection Chemistry Award Reminder
  14. James Flack Norris Award to Peter Mahaffy
  15. In Memoriam
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  24. Polyaniline: The Infrared Spectroscopy of Conducting Polymer Nanotubes (IUPAC Technical Report)
  25. Metrological Traceability of Measurement Results in Chemistry: Concepts and Implementation (IUPAC Technical Report)
  26. Volatile Organic Compounds in Pesticide Formulations: Methods to Estimate Ozone Formation Potential
  27. The Chemical Element–Chemistry’s Contribution to Our Global Future
  28. Macromolecular Symposia
  29. Heavy Elements–a special issue of Radiochimica Acta
  30. World Forum for Advanced Materials
  31. Functional Polymeric Materials & Composites
  32. Applied Thermodynamics
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  35. Advanced Materials
  36. Photochemistry
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  38. Mark Your Calendar
https://doi.org/10.1515/ci.2011.33.5.26c

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. From the Editor
  3. Contents
  4. Better than “Steady as She Goes”
  5. Avogadro’s True Legacy
  6. The Discovery and Synthesis of Alimta
  7. The Kilogram in the “New SI”
  8. Part I–From the Current “Kilogram Problem” to a Proposed Definition
  9. Part II–Explicit- Constant Definitions for the Kilogram and for the Mole
  10. “Undersökning af en ny Mineral-kropp, funnen i de orenare sorterna af det vid Fahlun tillverkade svaflet.”
  11. 2012 Thieme–IUPAC Prize–Call for Nominations
  12. 2012 IUPAC Richter-Prize–Call for Nominations
  13. Crop Protection Chemistry Award Reminder
  14. James Flack Norris Award to Peter Mahaffy
  15. In Memoriam
  16. Using Process Mapping to Support (analytical) Laboratory Processes
  17. Sustainable Education and Environmental Development (SEED) in Latin America: Reflections on the Roots of Green Chemistry
  18. UNESCO/IUPAC Postgraduate Course in Polymer Science
  19. Common Values of Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Coupling Terms for Appropriate Nuclei in Functionalized Hydrocarbons
  20. Provisional Recommendations
  21. Soils Contaminated with Explosives: Environmental Fate and Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Remediation Processes (IUPAC Technical Report)
  22. Discovery of the Elements with Atomic Numbers Greater than or Equal to 113 (IUPAC Technical Report)
  23. Defining the Hydrogen Bond: An Account (IUPAC Technical Report)
  24. Polyaniline: The Infrared Spectroscopy of Conducting Polymer Nanotubes (IUPAC Technical Report)
  25. Metrological Traceability of Measurement Results in Chemistry: Concepts and Implementation (IUPAC Technical Report)
  26. Volatile Organic Compounds in Pesticide Formulations: Methods to Estimate Ozone Formation Potential
  27. The Chemical Element–Chemistry’s Contribution to Our Global Future
  28. Macromolecular Symposia
  29. Heavy Elements–a special issue of Radiochimica Acta
  30. World Forum for Advanced Materials
  31. Functional Polymeric Materials & Composites
  32. Applied Thermodynamics
  33. Greening Education
  34. Macro 2012
  35. Advanced Materials
  36. Photochemistry
  37. Chemistry Education
  38. Mark Your Calendar
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