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Thermodynamics of Ionic Liquids, Ionic Liquid Mixtures, and the Development of Standardized Systems

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Chemistry International -- Newsmagazine for IUPAC
From the journal Chemistry International -- Newsmagazine for IUPAC Volume 27 Issue 5

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Thermodynamics of Ionic Liquids, Ionic Liquid Mixtures, and the Development of Standardized Systems

Ionic liquids (ILs) represent a new class of liquid solvents having some characteristics of molten salts. Recently synthesized compounds are moisture, air, and temperature stable. Their melting points are distinctly below room temperature. Most of these ionic liquids consist of cations based on alkylimidazolium or alkylpyridinium ions and anions such as BF4¯, PF6¯, N(CF3SO2)2¯, CF3SO3¯. Chloroaluminate anions are also important, provided moisture can be excluded. A large number of ionic combinations are possible for designing compounds with specific properties.

ILs have attracted considerable interest during the last few years. They have no detectable vapor pressure and therefore exhibit favorable solvent properties for new homogeneous catalytic reactions and other chemical production processes with respect to “green chemistry.” An increasing number of successful applications are described in the literature. The utilization of ionic liquids in industrial chemistry requires a systematic study of their thermodynamic and thermophysical properties, which are required for chemical process design. The most important properties are as follows:

  • thermodynamic and transport properties of the pure ionic liquids

  • solubility of gases in ionic liquids

  • miscibility gaps of ionic liquids with organic liquids and water (liquid-liquid equilibria)

  • densities, activity coefficients and excess properties of ionic liquids + organic substances (and water)

  • viscosities, diffusion coefficients, and electrical conductivities of ionic liquids + organic substance (and water)

  • data required by theoreticians for predicting properties using computer simulation and/or ab-initio calculation methods

Prior to 2003, a number of workshops and special sessions on ILs were held, but they were primarily directed towards the use of ionic liquids as solvent systems for chemical reactions, with an emphasis on kinetics and homogeneous organometallic catalysis. There has been minimal emphasis on thermophysical property information. Of the little duplicate thermophysical property data published, agreement was generally poor.

The objectives of this project are as follows:

  • encourage systematic studies of thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of ionic liquids based on the needs of industrial chemical processes

  • recommend a reference ionic liquid and make reference quality measurements on selected thermophysical properties of both the pure ionic liquid and its mixtures

  • establish recommended equations for the properties measured and provide recommendations on measurement methods

  • suggest directions of future research and encourage cooperation to avoid unnecessary duplication of measurements

  • organize workshops and special sessions devoted to the thermophysical properties of ionic liquids

  • provide software for submission of data to the ionic liquids database

The project, which was initiated in March 2003, is expected to be completed by the end of 2005. Software for submission of data to the ILs Database (see project # 2003-020-2-100) is in the testing stage and should be made available from the NIST Web site.

For more information and comments, contact Task Group Chairman Kenneth N. Marsh <ken.marsh@canterbury.ac.nz>.

www.iupac.org/projects/2002/2002-005-1-100.html

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Published Online: 2009-09-01
Published in Print: 2005-09

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ci.2005.27.5.22b

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. From the Editor
  3. Contents
  4. Achieving Important Goals with the Right Combination of “Hard Cash” and Volunteers
  5. Advancement of Harmonized Approaches for Crop Protection Chemistry in Latin America
  6. Challenges for Chemists
  7. An Update on the Kilogram
  8. Lida Schoen Made Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau
  9. Address to Younger Chemists
  10. In Memorium: Jacques-Emile Dubois (1920–2005)
  11. Emerging Issues in Developing Countries
  12. Simples and Compounds: Another Opinion
  13. Erratum: Wolfram vs. Tungsten
  14. Terminology for Biomedical (Therapeutic) Polymers
  15. Teaching School Children About Pesticides and Health
  16. Towards Defining Materials Chemistry
  17. Thermodynamics of Ionic Liquids, Ionic Liquid Mixtures, and the Development of Standardized Systems
  18. Ionic Liquids Database
  19. Future Plans
  20. For Further Information
  21. Chemical Structure and Physical Properties of Cyclic Olefin Copolymers (IUPAC Technical Report)
  22. Polyaniline: Thin Films and Colloidal Dispersions (IUPAC Technical Report)
  23. Terminology in Soil Sampling (IUPAC Recommendations 2005)
  24. Numbering of Fullerenes (IUPAC Recommendations 2005)
  25. Gaseous Fluorides of Boron, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Carbon, and Silicon and Solid Xenon Fluorides in All Solvents
  26. Polymers in Novel Applications
  27. Bio-Based Polymers: Recent Progess
  28. Macromolecules
  29. Fats, Oils, and Oilseeds Analysis and Production
  30. Carbohydrates
  31. Polymer-Based Materials
  32. Fine Chemistry and Novel Materials
  33. Water Contamination by Arsenic
  34. Humic Science
  35. Green and Sustainable Chemistry
  36. Photochemistry
  37. Organic Synthesis
  38. Macromolecules
  39. Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  40. Mark Your Calendar
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