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Polyaniline: Thin Films and Colloidal Dispersions (IUPAC Technical Report)

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Chemistry International -- Newsmagazine for IUPAC
From the journal Chemistry International -- Newsmagazine for IUPAC Volume 27 Issue 5

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Polyaniline: Thin Films and Colloidal Dispersions (IUPAC Technical Report)

Jaroslav Stejskal and Irina Sapurina

Pure and Applied Chemistry

Vol. 77, No. 5, pp. 815–826 (2005)

Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most important and widely studied conducting polymers. It is easily prepared (e.g., by the oxidation of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in acidic aqueous medium) and obtained as a precipitate. Such synthesis has recently been investigated within IUPAC project 1999-024-1-400, “Polyaniline: Preparation of a Conducting Polymer,” and a report has been published in PAC74, 857–867 (2002).

Polyaniline protonated with inorganic acids is difficult to process because it cannot be dissolved or melted below the decomposition temperature in the conducting state. The protonation of PANI with organic acids having a bulky hydrocarbon component has been used to increase the solubility of PANI in organic solvents and the plasticity. The uses of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid may serve as examples. Various surfactants have also been used as a component of the reaction mixture for the same purpose. Alternative processing strategies consist in coating of the surfaces of various substrates with a conducting PANI film and in the preparation of PANI colloids. The latter forms, produced in situ during the polymerization of aniline, are discussed in this paper.

Polyaniline (emeraldine) hydrochloride (one of the possible presentations).

An authority on conducting polymers has pointed out that “there are as many different types of PANI as there are people who synthesize it.” The purpose of this collaborative study was to test this statement, by having various researchers follow the same preparative protocol. Two supramolecular PANI forms, thin PANI films on glass and colloidal PANI dispersions stabilized with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), were prepared independently in several laboratories. In this study, the films and colloids were characterized with respect to film thickness, film conductivity, and colloidal particle size.

The average thickness of the films, assessed by optical absorption, was 125 ± 9 nm, and the conductivity of films was 2.6 ± 0.7 S cm-1. Films prepared in 1 mol l-1 HCl had a similar thickness, 109 ± 10 nm, but a higher conductivity, 18.8 ± 7.1 S cm-1. Colloidal polyaniline particles stabilized with a water-soluble polymer, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) [poly(1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one)], have been prepared by dispersion polymerization. The average particle size, 241 ± 50 nm, and polydispersity, 0.26 ± 0.12, have been determined by dynamic light scattering. The preparation of these two supramolecular polyaniline forms was found to be easily reproducible.

www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2005/7705/7705x0815.html

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Published Online: 2009-09-01
Published in Print: 2005-09

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ci.2005.27.5.26b

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Masthead
  2. From the Editor
  3. Contents
  4. Achieving Important Goals with the Right Combination of “Hard Cash” and Volunteers
  5. Advancement of Harmonized Approaches for Crop Protection Chemistry in Latin America
  6. Challenges for Chemists
  7. An Update on the Kilogram
  8. Lida Schoen Made Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau
  9. Address to Younger Chemists
  10. In Memorium: Jacques-Emile Dubois (1920–2005)
  11. Emerging Issues in Developing Countries
  12. Simples and Compounds: Another Opinion
  13. Erratum: Wolfram vs. Tungsten
  14. Terminology for Biomedical (Therapeutic) Polymers
  15. Teaching School Children About Pesticides and Health
  16. Towards Defining Materials Chemistry
  17. Thermodynamics of Ionic Liquids, Ionic Liquid Mixtures, and the Development of Standardized Systems
  18. Ionic Liquids Database
  19. Future Plans
  20. For Further Information
  21. Chemical Structure and Physical Properties of Cyclic Olefin Copolymers (IUPAC Technical Report)
  22. Polyaniline: Thin Films and Colloidal Dispersions (IUPAC Technical Report)
  23. Terminology in Soil Sampling (IUPAC Recommendations 2005)
  24. Numbering of Fullerenes (IUPAC Recommendations 2005)
  25. Gaseous Fluorides of Boron, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Carbon, and Silicon and Solid Xenon Fluorides in All Solvents
  26. Polymers in Novel Applications
  27. Bio-Based Polymers: Recent Progess
  28. Macromolecules
  29. Fats, Oils, and Oilseeds Analysis and Production
  30. Carbohydrates
  31. Polymer-Based Materials
  32. Fine Chemistry and Novel Materials
  33. Water Contamination by Arsenic
  34. Humic Science
  35. Green and Sustainable Chemistry
  36. Photochemistry
  37. Organic Synthesis
  38. Macromolecules
  39. Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  40. Mark Your Calendar
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