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Possible role of hydrolytic enzymes (Sap, Kex2) in Candida albicans response to aromatic compounds bearing a sulfone moiety

  • Małgorzata Bondaryk , Ilona Grabowska-Jadach , Zbigniew Ochal , Grażyna Sygitowicz and Monika Staniszewska EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 25, 2016
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Chemical Papers
From the journal Chemical Papers Volume 70 Issue 10

Abstract

Hydrolytic enzymes e.g., Saps and KEX2 are, due to their role in Candida virulence, considered important targets for new synthetic inhibitors. MICTI and MICPI values indicate that disruption of SAP1-3 significantly increases the resistance of Candida mutants to β-ketosulfone (1). Contrariwise, sap123∆ showed sensitive phenotype to halogenated methylphenyl sulfone (2). Anticandidal potency of 2 differed in the Candida cells of kex2∆. Sulfone is the most effective agent against the Candida albicans kex2∆ double mutant (MICTI of 0.5 μg mL–1). Up-regulation of KEX2 mediated the resistance of sap4-6∆ towards 2. Both sulfones tested reduced the adhesion of the wild type cells significantly (P < 0.05). Contrariwise, sap123∆ showed significantly enhanced adhesion capability when 1 was used (P < 0.05). Both sulfones had weak fungicidal effect on mature C albicans biofilms. It was shown that the uptake of IP correlates with the membrane perturbations caused by 1 in the blastoconidial cells. Sulfones were found to disturb the basic developmental phases of biofilm growth: adhesion and morphogenesis. Altered KEX2 levels for 1 can be caused by the compensatory mechanism for the maintenance of cell wall integrity and morphogenesis. KEX2 decreases the antifungal activity of sulfones. Sulfones affecting the crucial virulence factors of Candida can even eliminate these fungal infections.

Keywords: antifungal activity; Candida albicans; KEX2 serine protease; secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps); sulfone derivatives

Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the National Science Centre of Poland (No. DEC-2011/03/D/NZ7/ 06198). Studies on biofilm were funded by the National Science Centre of Poland (No. 2014/15/N/NZ6/03710). Syntheses of compounds were funded by the Warsaw University of Technology. We thank Oliver Bader and Joachim Morschhäuser for strains used in the study.

Supplementary data

Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version of this paper (DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2016-0072).

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Received: 2015-10-9
Revised: 2016-2-22
Accepted: 2016-2-25
Published Online: 2016-6-25
Published in Print: 2016-10-1

© 2016 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences

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https://doi.org/10.1515/chempap-2016-0072
Keywords for this article
antifungal activity; Candida albicans; KEX2 serine protease; secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps); sulfone derivatives

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