Characterisation and coagulation performance of polysilicate–ferric–zinc
-
Xia Xu
,
Rong-Yan Shen
Abstract
A new type of coagulant, polysilicate-ferric-zinc (PSFZn) with different Fe/Zn molar ratios, was synthesised using water glass (industrial grade, w(SiO2) = 21 mass %, ρ = 1.34 × 103 kg m−3, modulus = 3.2), FeSO4 · 7H2O, ZnSO4, and NaClO3 by way of co-polymerisation in the same (Fe + Zn)/Si molar ratio based on polysilicate-ferric (PSF). The effect of the Fe/Zn molar ratios on the morphology and structure was systematically investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Three samples, namely PSFZn4, PSFZn1, and PSFZn0.25, represented Fe/Zn molar ratios of 4, 1, and 0.25, respectively, and were selected for a comparative study while a constant (Fe + Zn)/Si molar ratio equal to 1 was maintained. Accordingly, PSFZn was found to be a complex compound rather than a simple mixture of raw materials. With the decrease in Fe/Zn, a great change occurred in the surface morphology, from a tetrahedral cluster structure to a lamellar structure. The Fe-O and Fe-O-Si bonds were gradually replaced by Zn-O and Zn-O-Si. However, the crystalline peaks were more obvious with the increase in the number of zinc ions; hence the new polymer would be formed from iron, zinc, and polysilicate. In addition, the coagulation performance of PSFZn was investigated using a surface water sample. PSFZn4 exhibited a better coagulation performance than the other PSFZn coagulants. Additionally, the trends in changes in pH with different coagulation times after adding PSFZn were studied relative to PSF and FS. The replacement of zinc ions with iron ions could effectively counter the rapid decrease in pH. The effect of settling time on the coagulation efficiency was also investigated. PSFZn4 exhibited a better settlement performance than PSF and poly aluminium chloride (PAC). Hence, the partial substitution of zinc salt with iron salt not only addresses the inadequacies of iron salt but also improves the coagulation efficiency of zinc salt in water treatment.
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© 2015 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
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Articles in the same Issue
- Laser microsampling and multivariate methods in provenance studies of obsidian artefacts
- Ultra-trace arsenic and mercury speciation and determination in blood samples by ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with flow injection-hydride generation/cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy
- Determination of formaldehyde by flow injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection exploiting brilliant green–sulphite reaction
- Passive sampling application to control air quality in interior of new vehicles
- Low-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis resolution in mini-emulsion media
- Performance and characterisation of CeO2–TiO2–WO3 catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3
- Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of m-cresol over Fe/γ-Al2O3 and Fe–Ce/γ-Al2O3
- Morphology, structure, and photoactivity of two types of graphene oxide–TiO2 composites
- A novel efficient magnetic core–zeolitic shell nanocatalyst system: preparation, characterization and activity
- Characterisation and coagulation performance of polysilicate–ferric–zinc
- Antioxidant activity of rosemary extracts in solution and embedded in polymeric systems
- Comparison of selected aroma compounds in cultivars of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)
- Thio-click approach to the synthesis of stable glycomimetics
- Synthesis of ether-linked [60]fullerene glycoconjugates by nucleophilic cyclopropanation
