Startseite Students’ perceptions of a sense of belonging in Language Centre courses – What role do teachers play?
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

Students’ perceptions of a sense of belonging in Language Centre courses – What role do teachers play?

  • Minna Intke-Hernandez ORCID logo EMAIL logo und Katja Peltola ORCID logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 15. Oktober 2025

Abstract

This study explores the evolving nature of students’ sense of belonging in Finnish higher education, particularly as learning environments shift between in-person, online, and hybrid modes. While much research has focused on belonging in Higher Education, the experiences of Language Centre students remain underexplored. The aim of this study is to understand how belonging is experienced by these students and how teachers can foster it within diverse learning contexts. Through qualitative interviews with 11 Language Centre students, the study finds that belonging is a multifaceted and dynamic process. Students experience belonging not only through direct participation in the course community but also through connections to broader language communities. Belonging often emerges from brief, purpose-driven interactions centred around shared learning goals. Teachers play a pivotal role in fostering belonging by offering cognitive, social, and emotional support, and by organising inclusive spaces that encourage meaningful interaction. The findings have important pedagogical implications. Educators are encouraged to adopt intentional strategies that promote collaboration, communication, and knowledge-sharing, particularly in hybrid and online settings. This study challenges the traditional view that belonging relies solely on deep emotional connections, emphasising that it can also arise from momentary interactions centred around shared purposes.


Corresponding author: Minna Intke-Hernandez, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, E-mail:

  1. Consent: All participants were given detailed information regarding the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequences. Each participant gave their consent before the interview was conducted.

References

Albrecht, Teri & Deana Goldsmith. 2003. Social support, social networks and health. In Teresa Thompson, Alicia Dorsey, Katherine Miller & Roxanne Parrot (eds.), Handbook of health communication, 263–284. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Suche in Google Scholar

Allen, Kelly-Ann. 2020. Commentary: A Pilot digital intervention targeting loneliness in youth mental health. Frontiers in Psychiatry 10. 959. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00959.Suche in Google Scholar

Allen, Kelly-Ann, Margaret L. Kern, Christopher S. Rozek, Dennis M. McInerney & George M. Slavich. 2021. Belonging: A review of conceptual issues, an integrative framework, and directions for future research. Australian Journal of Psychology 73(1). 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1883409.Suche in Google Scholar

Baumeister, Roy F., Mark R. Leary & Robert J. Steinberg. 1995. The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin 117(3). 497–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497.Suche in Google Scholar

Deci, Edward L. & Richard M. Ryan. 2000. The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry 11(4). 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01.Suche in Google Scholar

Dörnyei, Zoltán. 2007. Research methods in applied linguistics. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Suche in Google Scholar

Dost, Gulsah & Laura Mazzoli Smith. 2023. Understanding higher education students’ sense of belonging: A qualitative meta-ethnographic analysis. Journal of Further and Higher Education 47(6). 822–849. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2023.2191176.Suche in Google Scholar

Gravett, Karen & Rola Ajjawi. 2022. Belonging as situated practice. Studies in Higher Education 47(7). 1386–1396. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2021.1894118.Suche in Google Scholar

Hagerty, Bonnie M. K., Judith Lynch-Sauer, Kathleen L. Patusky, Maria Bouwsema & Peggy Collier. 1992. Sense of belonging: A vital mental health concept. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 6(3). 172–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(92)90028-H.Suche in Google Scholar

Intke-Hernandez, Minna. 2020. Maahanmuuttajaäitien arjen kielitarinat: Etnografinen tutkimus kieliyhteisöön sosiaalistumisesta. University of Helsinki Dissertation. https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/6b01317c-c0f2-4652-8a89-6222f9b2c4e3/content (accessed 7 May 2025).Suche in Google Scholar

Intke-Hernandez, Minna. 2023. Embodiment and a sense of belonging in online language learning contexts. Taikomoji kalbotyra 20. 104–125. https://doi.org/10.15388/Taikalbot.2023.20.8.Suche in Google Scholar

Intke-Hernandez, Minna & ´Hanna Kosonen. 2024. “Mä tiiän et mä kuulun kielikurssille!” Osallisuuden kokemukset kielten etäopetuksessa monikielisyyden näkökulmasta. AFinLA-teema (18). 72–98. https://doi.org/10.30660/afinla.143950 (accessed 7 May 2025).Suche in Google Scholar

Isola, Anna-Maria, Heidi Kaartinen, Lars Leemann, Raija Lääperi, Taina Schneider, Salla Valtari & Anna Keto-Tokoi. 2017. Mitä osallisuus on?: Osallisuuden viitekehystä rakentamassa. Helsinki: Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-302-917-0 (accessed 2 May 2025).Suche in Google Scholar

Isola, Anna-Maria, Lotta Virrankari & Heikki Hiilamo. 2021. On social and psychological consequences of prolonged poverty–a longitudinal narrative study from Finland. Journal of Social and Political Psychology 9(2). 654–670. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.7615.Suche in Google Scholar

Jusslin, Sofia, Kaisa Korpinen, Niina Lilja, Rose Martin, Johanna Lehtinen-Schnabel & Eeva Anttila. 2022. Embodied learning and teaching approaches in language education: A mixed studies review. Educational Research Review 37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2022.100480 (accessed 5 April 2025).Suche in Google Scholar

Kern, Margaret L., Paige Williams, Cass Spong, Rachel Colla, Kesh Sharma, Andrea Downie, Jessica A. Taylor, Sonia Sharp, Christine Siokou & Lindsay G. Oades. 2020. Systems informed positive psychology. The Journal of Positive Psychology 15(6). 705–715. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1639799.Suche in Google Scholar

Leskinen, Kirsi. 2024. Korkeakoulutaustaiset maahanmuuttaneet koulutuspolulla Suomessa: neksusanalyysi tekstitoiminnasta, kielellisistä resursseista ja osallisuuden mahdollisuuksista. University of Jyväskylä Dissertation. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-86-0436-5 (accessed 3 June 2025).Suche in Google Scholar

MacFarlane, Karen. 2018. Higher education learner identity for successful student transitions. Higher Education Research and Development 37(6). 1201–1215. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2018.1477742.Suche in Google Scholar

Maican, Maria-Anca & Elena Cocorada. 2021. Online foreign language learning in higher education and its correlates during the covid-19 pandemic. Sustainability 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020781 (accessed 3 June 2025).Suche in Google Scholar

Männistö, Marjut & Anne Laajalahti. 2020. “Haluan asua Suomessa” – ulkomaalaistaustaisten korkeasti kouluttautuneiden osallisuutta rakentavat tekijät työelämäjaksolla. Prologi - Puheviestinnän vuosikirja 2020. 26–42. https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202102251760 (accessed 3 June 2025).10.33352/prlg.92198Suche in Google Scholar

Maslow, Abraham. 1943. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review 50(4). 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346.Suche in Google Scholar

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1995 [1962]. Phenomenology of perception. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Suche in Google Scholar

Moos, Rudolf & Roger Mitchell. 1982. Social network resources and adaptation: A conceptual framework. In Thomas Asby Wills (ed.), Basic processes in helping relationships, 213–232. New York: Academic Press.Suche in Google Scholar

OECD. 2017. PISA 2015 Results (Volume III): Students’ well-being, PISA. Paris: OECD Publishing.Suche in Google Scholar

Papaioannou, Grigorios, Maria-Garyfallio Volakaki, Spyridon Kokolakis & Demosthenes Vouyioukas. 2023. Learning spaces in higher education: A state-of-the-art review. Trends in Higher Education 2(3). 526–545. https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu2030032Suche in Google Scholar

Pedler, Megan Louise, Royce Willis & Johanna Elizabeth Nieuwoudt. 2022. A sense of belonging at university: Student retention, motivation and enjoyment. Journal of Further and Higher Education 46(3). 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2021.1955844Suche in Google Scholar

Raivio, Helka & Jarno Karjalainen. 2013. Osallisuus ei ole keino tai väline, palvelut ovat! Osallisuuden rakentuminen 2010-luvun tavoite- ja toimintaohjelmissa. In Taina Era (ed.), Osallisuus – oikeutta vai pakkoa? Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän ammattikorkeakoulun julkaisuja 156.Suche in Google Scholar

Robinson, Jennifer D. & Adam M. Persky. 2020. Developing self-directed learners. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 84(3). 847512–296. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe847512.Suche in Google Scholar

Suhlmann, Michèle, Kai Sassenberg, Benjamin Nagengast & Ulrich Trautwein. 2018. Belonging mediates effects of student-university fit on well-being, motivation, and dropout intention. Social Psychology 49(1). 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000325.Suche in Google Scholar

Taff, Steven D. & Maribeth Clifton. 2022. Inclusion and belonging in higher education: A scoping study of contexts, barriers, and facilitators. Higher Education Studies 12(3). 122–133. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v12n3p122.Suche in Google Scholar

Thai, Ngoc Thuy Thi, Bram De Wever & Martin Valcke. 2020. Face-to-face, blended, flipped, or online learning environment? Impact on learning performance and student cognitions. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 36(3). 397–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12423.Suche in Google Scholar

Tuomi, Jouko & Anneli Sarajärvi. 2009. Laadullinen tutkimus ja sisällönanalyysi. Helsinki: Tammi.Suche in Google Scholar

Received: 2024-12-16
Accepted: 2025-08-05
Published Online: 2025-10-15
Published in Print: 2025-10-27

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Heruntergeladen am 20.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/cercles-2024-0122/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen