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Reference values for plasma and urine trace elements in a Swiss population-based cohort

  • Maïwenn Perrais , Bastien Trächsel , Sébastien Lenglet , Menno Pruijm , Belen Ponte , Bruno Vogt , Marc Augsburger , Valentin Rousson , Murielle Bochud EMAIL logo and Aurélien Thomas EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: April 22, 2024
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
From the journal Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) Volume 62 Issue 11

Abstract

Objectives

Trace elements (TEs) are ubiquitous. TE concentrations vary among individuals and countries, depending on factors such as living area, workplaces and diet. Deficit or excessive TEs concentrations have consequences on the proper functioning of human organism so their biomonitoring is important. The aim of this project was to provide reference values for TEs concentrations in the Swiss population.

Methods

The 1,078 participants to the SKiPOGH cohort included in this study were aged 18–90 years. Their 24-h urine and/or plasma samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine 24 TEs concentrations: Ag, Al, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, I, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V and Zn. Statistical tests were performed to evaluate the influence of covariates (sex, age, BMI, smoking) on these results. Reference intervals for the Swiss adult population were also defined.

Results

TEs concentrations were obtained for respectively 994 and 903 persons in plasma and urine matrices. It was possible to define percentiles of interest (P50 and P95) for almost all the TEs. Differences in TEs distribution between men and women were noticed in both matrices; age was also a cofactor.

Conclusions

This first Swiss biomonitoring of a large TEs-panel offers reference values in plasma and in urine for the Swiss population. The results obtained in this study were generally in line with clinical recommendations and comparable to levels reported in other population-based surveys.

Keywords: trace elements; reference values; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); human biomonitoring; plasma; urine
Corresponding authors: Prof. Murielle Bochud, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 44, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland, E-mail: ; and Prof. Aurélien Thomas, Unit of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Faculty Unit of Toxicology, University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland, E-mail:
Maïwenn Perrais and Bastien Trächsel share first authorship. Valentin Rousson, Murielle Bochud and Aurélien Thomas share last authorship.

  1. Research ethics: The research related to human use complies with all the relevant national regulations, institutional policies and is in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration (as revised in 2013). The SKiPOGH study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CER-VD: 92/07, Lausanne, Switzerland), by the Ethics Committee for the Research on Human Beings of Geneva University Hospitals (CER-GE: 09-089, Geneva, Switzerland), and by the Ethics Committee of the Canton of Bern (CER-BE: 091/09, Bern, Switzerland).

  2. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in the SKiPOGH cohort study.

  3. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. MP and BT are joint first authors. VR, MB and AT are joint last authors.

  4. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  5. Research funding: None declared.

  6. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding authors.

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2023-1433).

Received: 2023-12-13
Accepted: 2024-04-07
Published Online: 2024-04-22
Published in Print: 2024-10-28

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  43. 56th National Congress of the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (SIBioC – Laboratory Medicine)
https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2023-1433
Keywords for this article
trace elements; reference values; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); human biomonitoring; plasma; urine

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Circulating tumor DNA measurement: a new pillar of medical oncology?
  4. Reviews
  5. Circulating tumor DNA: current implementation issues and future challenges for clinical utility
  6. Circulating tumor DNA methylation: a promising clinical tool for cancer diagnosis and management
  7. Opinion Papers
  8. The final part of the CRESS trilogy – how to evaluate the quality of stability studies
  9. The impact of physiological variations on personalized reference intervals and decision limits: an in-depth analysis
  10. Computational pathology: an evolving concept
  11. Perspectives
  12. Dynamic mirroring: unveiling the role of digital twins, artificial intelligence and synthetic data for personalized medicine in laboratory medicine
  13. General Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
  14. Macroprolactin in mothers and their babies: what is its origin?
  15. The influence of undetected hemolysis on POCT potassium results in the emergency department
  16. Quality control in the Netherlands; todays practices and starting points for guidance and future research
  17. QC Constellation: a cutting-edge solution for risk and patient-based quality control in clinical laboratories
  18. OILVEQ: an Italian external quality control scheme for cannabinoids analysis in galenic preparations of cannabis oil
  19. Using Bland-Altman plot-based harmonization algorithm to optimize the harmonization for immunoassays
  20. Comparison of a two-step Tempus600 hub solution single-tube vs. container-based, one-step pneumatic transport system
  21. Evaluating the HYDRASHIFT 2/4 Daratumumab assay: a powerful approach to assess treatment response in multiple myeloma
  22. Insight into the status of plasma renin and aldosterone measurement: findings from 526 clinical laboratories in China
  23. Reference Values and Biological Variations
  24. Reference values for plasma and urine trace elements in a Swiss population-based cohort
  25. Stimulating thyrotropin receptor antibodies in early pregnancy
  26. Within- and between-subject biological variation estimates for the enumeration of lymphocyte deep immunophenotyping and monocyte subsets
  27. Diurnal and day-to-day biological variation of salivary cortisol and cortisone
  28. Web-accessible critical limits and critical values for urgent clinician notification
  29. Cancer Diagnostics
  30. Thyroglobulin measurement is the most powerful outcome predictor in differentiated thyroid cancer: a decision tree analysis in a European multicenter series
  31. Cardiovascular Diseases
  32. Interaction of heparin with human cardiac troponin complex and its influence on the immunodetection of troponins in human blood samples
  33. Diagnostic performance of a point of care high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay and single measurement evaluation to rule out and rule in acute coronary syndrome
  34. Corrigendum
  35. Reference intervals of 24 trace elements in blood, plasma and erythrocytes for the Slovenian adult population
  36. Letters to the Editor
  37. Disturbances of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate homeostasis: incidence, probable causes, and outcome
  38. Validation of the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF)-test in heparinized and EDTA plasma for use in reflex testing algorithms for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
  39. Detection of urinary foam cells diagnosing the XGP with thrombopenia preoperatively: a case report
  40. Methemoglobinemia after sodium nitrite poisoning: what blood gas analysis tells us (and what it might not)
  41. Novel thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) variant identified in Malay individuals
  42. Congress Abstracts
  43. 56th National Congress of the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (SIBioC – Laboratory Medicine)
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