现代汉语时间副词的意义和范围
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Zhao Xu
许钊 , 博士, 黑龙江大学文学院副教授,研究兴趣主要为现代汉语语法、理论语言学、语义学,已经发表《试论现代汉语时间副词的分类系统》《现代汉语的时系统》《汉语词尾“了”是先时标记吗?》等论文。Dr. XU Zhao is an Associate Professor of Linguistics at the School of Liberal Arts, Heilongjiang University, China. He received his Ph.D. in Chinese Philology and Linguistics from Zhejiang University in 2025. His research interests focus on Modern Chinese Grammar, Theoretical Linguistics, and Semantics, with published works including: “A study on the classification System of time adverbs in Mandarin Chinese”, “Tense system of Mandarin Chinese”, and “Is the Chinese verbal particle
Le an anterior tense marker?”.
提要
时间副词与关涉时间义的副词在句法语义上存在诸多区别, 这为汉语作为第二语言学习者带来了难题。从句法形式和语义特征两方面出发, 对 252 个具有时间意义的副词展开分析, 将其中的时间义描摹性副词、关联副词、重复副词、类同副词、协同副词和频率副词等予以排除, 从而得到了 155 个时间副词。后根据时间副词的功能, 将时间副词界定为表示事件时间位置或内在状态的副词。该范围划定与意义界定细化了副词的分类系统, 为高水平汉语二语学习者的副词学习提供了参考。
Abstract
Defining time adverbs presents a significant challenge for both grammatical research on Chinese and Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) pedagogy. An analysis of seven representative studies within Chinese linguistics reveals substantial disagreement regarding the inventory of time adverbs. While these studies collectively list 252 items identified as time adverbs, only 24 adverbs appear consistently across all seven works. Conversely, 46 items appear in only one study but are excluded by the other six. This divergence highlights the lack of consensus within the field concerning the semantic definition and scope of time adverbs. Furthermore, analysis of the Global Chinese Interlanguage Corpus indicates frequent errors in CSL learners’ usage of time adverbs. Consequently, a systematic delineation of the scope and semantic boundaries of time adverbs is imperative. This study contributes to refining adverb classification and offers a valuable reference for advanced CSL learners’ acquisition of time adverbs.
About the author
许钊, 博士, 黑龙江大学文学院副教授,研究兴趣主要为现代汉语语法、理论语言学、语义学,已经发表《试论现代汉语时间副词的分类系统》《现代汉语的时系统》《汉语词尾“了”是先时标记吗?》等论文。
Dr. XU Zhao is an Associate Professor of Linguistics at the School of Liberal Arts, Heilongjiang University, China. He received his Ph.D. in Chinese Philology and Linguistics from Zhejiang University in 2025. His research interests focus on Modern Chinese Grammar, Theoretical Linguistics, and Semantics, with published works including: “A study on the classification System of time adverbs in Mandarin Chinese”, “Tense system of Mandarin Chinese”, and “Is the Chinese verbal particle Le an anterior tense marker?”.
致谢
本文是笔者博士论文《现代汉语时间副词句法语义研究》的章节内容, 写作过程中得到了导师彭利贞教授的悉心指导, 谨致谢忱!
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Research funding: 中国国家社会科学基金项目“汉语情态与体的同现限制研究” (项目号 23BYY042) 阶段成果。
附录:
七项研究共收录的时间副词 (252个):
按期、按时、本、本来、必将、毕竟、便、不断、不时、不停、才1、才2、曾、曾经、常、常常、常年、彻夜、趁早、成年、成日、成天、成夜、迟早、初、次、匆匆、从、从此、从来、从新、猝然、当场、当即、到底、登时、都1、陡然、顿、顿时、而后、方、方才、赶紧、赶快、赶忙、刚、刚刚、更、姑、姑且、还、还是、忽、忽地、忽而、忽然、霍然、及早、即、即将、即刻、急忙、继而、间或、渐、渐次、渐渐、将、将次、将要、接连、接着、尽快、尽早、经常、久、久久、久已、就1、就2、就要、快、快要、老、老是、老早、冷不丁、历来、立即、立刻、立马、立时、连、连连、连忙、连年、连日、连夜、临、陆续、屡、屡次、屡屡、马上、每、每常、每每、猛地、猛然、蓦地、蓦然、偶、偶尔、偶或、偶然、频、频频、平生、平时、平素、起初、起先、且、顷刻、权、权且、权时、然而、然后、仍、仍旧、仍然、日、日见、日渐、日夜、日益、霎时、少顷、时、时不时、时常、时而、时刻、时时、始终、事前、事先、素、素常、素来、随后、随即、随时、通常、同时、突、万一、往常、往往、先、先后、先行、现、相继、向来、新近、行将、旋即、迅即、眼看、要、也、业经、业已、一、一朝、一旦、一度、一贯、一齐、一时、一同、一下、一下子、一向、一再、一直、依、依次、依旧、依然、已、已经、已然、应时、永、永远、有时、又、预先、原、原本、原来、原先、远、再、再度、再三、在、暂、暂且、暂时、早、早经、早就、早日、早晚、早已、早早、乍、照常、照旧、照样、整日、正、正在、直、至今、终、终归、终将、终究、终久、终年、终日、终于、重、重新、重行、骤、骤然、逐、逐步、逐渐、逐年、逐日、自来、总、总归、总是
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Papers in English
- The type, motive, and function of swear words: a sociolinguistic analysis of Khek Chinese language in Bangka
- A corpus-based study of semantic prosody in ràng and shǐ constructions
- Task-based language teaching for Chinese as a foreign language: a qualitative research synthesis
- Papers in Chinese
- 高文化负载词在二语习得中构成的“阻力区”探究 – 以教授法国学习者汉语亲属称谓语及其泛化使用为例
- 现代汉语时间副词的意义和范围
- ChatGPT 赋能产出导向型留学生口语课实证研究
