Clump structure, population structure and non-destructive biomass estimation of the New Zealand carrageenophyte Sarcothalia lanceata (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)
-
Kate F. Neill
Kate F. Neill is a Marine Biologist at The National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand. Her research on seaweeds includes work on aquaculture, ecology and taxonomy of both native and introduced species. She has published over 20 papers and several identification guides on New Zealand coralline algae, large brown seaweeds and New Zealand and Antarctic Asteroidea (Echinodermata).
,
Wendy A. Nelson
Wendy A. Nelson specialises in marine phycology, particularly the biosystematics of macroalgae of New Zealand, with research on floristics, evolution and phylogeny, as well as ecology, and life history studies. Recently she has worked on the systematics and biology of red algae, including corallines, and the distribution and diversity of seaweeds of the New Zealand region, including the Ross Sea and Balleny Islands. Wendy leads NIWA’s biosystematics research team, and holds a joint appointment as a Professor at the University of Auckland in the School of Biological Sciences.
,
Ruth Falshaw
Ruth Falshaw was awarded a PhD from the University of Birmingham, UK, for her work on cellulose chemistry. She immigrated to New Zealand to study the polysaccharides and aquaculture of red seaweeds at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (later Industrial Research Ltd). She has held a number of editorial positions for scientific journals, including being an Associate Editor of
Botanica Marina (2008–2010). She is currently Editor-in-chief of theNew Zealand Journal of Forestry Science .
und
Catriona L. Hurd
Catriona L. Hurd is an Associate Professor at the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Australia. Her research expertise is in seaweed physiological ecology – how seaweeds respond physiologically to changes in their environment – and has focussed on nitrogen and phosphorous acquisition, water motion, seaweed-invertebrate interactions and, most recently, ocean acidification. She has supervised to completion 45 postgraduate students, published 95 papers and is lead author of the text book
Seaweed ecology and physiology (Hurd, Harrison, Bischof, Lobban, 2nd edition, 2014) which won the 2015 Phycological Society of America Gerald Prescott Award.
Abstract
Sarcothalia lanceata is a New Zealand carrageenophyte with tetrasporophytic thalli that produce carrageenan very close to the idealised structure of lambda-carrageenan. As such there is interest in its potential for commercial utilisation. There is no information on the biology and ecology of natural populations of this species, but this knowledge is critical for determining whether a species is a suitable candidate for sustainable wild harvest or for aquaculture. Population studies were conducted at two sites in New Zealand’s South Island in order to provide fundamental information on this species. The structure (abundance and composition of male, female, tetrasporophytic and non-reproductive clumps) of the two populations was assessed monthly over a year, and population biomass estimated using regression methods. Seasonal variation was not evident in most of the parameters measured, but differences between sites were found in total population density, the density of different life-history phases, and clump size and structure. The turnover in biomass occurs more frequently at the blade level than at the clump level and the presence of a basal crust in this species promotes population stability.
About the authors
Kate F. Neill is a Marine Biologist at The National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand. Her research on seaweeds includes work on aquaculture, ecology and taxonomy of both native and introduced species. She has published over 20 papers and several identification guides on New Zealand coralline algae, large brown seaweeds and New Zealand and Antarctic Asteroidea (Echinodermata).
Wendy A. Nelson specialises in marine phycology, particularly the biosystematics of macroalgae of New Zealand, with research on floristics, evolution and phylogeny, as well as ecology, and life history studies. Recently she has worked on the systematics and biology of red algae, including corallines, and the distribution and diversity of seaweeds of the New Zealand region, including the Ross Sea and Balleny Islands. Wendy leads NIWA’s biosystematics research team, and holds a joint appointment as a Professor at the University of Auckland in the School of Biological Sciences.
Ruth Falshaw was awarded a PhD from the University of Birmingham, UK, for her work on cellulose chemistry. She immigrated to New Zealand to study the polysaccharides and aquaculture of red seaweeds at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (later Industrial Research Ltd). She has held a number of editorial positions for scientific journals, including being an Associate Editor of Botanica Marina (2008–2010). She is currently Editor-in-chief of the New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science.
Catriona L. Hurd is an Associate Professor at the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Australia. Her research expertise is in seaweed physiological ecology – how seaweeds respond physiologically to changes in their environment – and has focussed on nitrogen and phosphorous acquisition, water motion, seaweed-invertebrate interactions and, most recently, ocean acidification. She has supervised to completion 45 postgraduate students, published 95 papers and is lead author of the text book Seaweed ecology and physiology (Hurd, Harrison, Bischof, Lobban, 2nd edition, 2014) which won the 2015 Phycological Society of America Gerald Prescott Award.
Acknowledgments
This work was funded by a University of Otago Postgraduate Scholarship to KFN, grants from Industrial Research Limited, a University of Otago Research Grant (CLH) and Te Papa Tongarewa Museum of New Zealand. Additional funds were received from the National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research under Coasts and Oceans Research Programme 2 (COBR1501 2014/15 and COBR1601 2015/16). The authors are grateful to Dr Roberta D’Archino and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Thanks are also due to all the people who assisted with fieldwork in weathers fair and foul and to Tony Reay (University of Otago) for identifying rock types.
References
Adams, N.M. 1994. Seaweeds of New Zealand. An illustrated Guide. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch. pp. 360.Suche in Google Scholar
Avila, M., R. Otaiza, R. Norambuena and M. Nunez. 1996. Biological basis for the management of ‘luga negra’ (Sarcothalia crispata Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in southern Chile. Hydrobiologia326–327: 245–252.10.1007/978-94-009-1659-3_34Suche in Google Scholar
Avila, M., A. Candia, M. Nunez and H. Romo. 1999. Reproductive biology of Gigartina skottsbergii (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta) from Chile. Hydrobiologia398: 149–157.10.1007/978-94-011-4449-0_17Suche in Google Scholar
Bellgrove, A. and M.N. Aoki. 2008. Variation in gametophyte dominance in populations of Chondrusverrucosus (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta). Phycol. Res. 56: 246–254.10.1111/j.1440-1835.2008.00506.xSuche in Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, D. 1985. The demography of fronds of Chrondrus crispus Stackhouse. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.91: 217–231.10.1016/0022-0981(85)90177-7Suche in Google Scholar
Bixler, H.J. and H. Porse. 2011. A decade of change in the seaweed hydrocolloids industry. J. Appl. Phycol.23: 321–335.10.1007/s10811-010-9529-3Suche in Google Scholar
Bolton, J.J. and M.A.P. Joska. 1993. Population studies on a South African carrageenophyte: Iridaeacapensis (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta). In: (A.R.O. Chapman, M.T. Brown and M. Lahaye, eds.) Fourteenth International Seaweed Symposium. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 191–195.10.1007/978-94-011-1998-6_23Suche in Google Scholar
Carrington, E., S.P. Grace and T. Chopin. 2001. Life history phases and the biomechanical properties of the red alga Chondrus crispus (Rhodophyta). J. Phycol.37: 699–704.10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.00169.xSuche in Google Scholar
Chapman, V.J. 1979. The Marine Algae of New Zealand. Part III. Rhodophyceae. 4. Gigartinales. J. Cramer, Vaduz. pp. 231.Suche in Google Scholar
Craigie, J.S. and J.D. Pringle. 1978. Spatial distribution of tetrasporophytes and gametophytes in four Maritime populations of Chondrus crispus. Can. J. Bot.56: 2910–2914.10.1139/b78-349Suche in Google Scholar
Daly, M.A. and A.C. Mathieson. 1977. The effects of sand movement on intertidal seaweeds and selected invertebrates at Bound Rock, New Hampshire, USA. Mar. Biol.43: 45–55.10.1007/BF00392570Suche in Google Scholar
De Wreede, R.E. and L.G. Green. 1990. Patterns of gametophyte dominance of Iridaea splendens (Rhodophyta) in Vancouver Harbour, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. J. Appl. Phycol.2: 27–34.10.1007/BF02179766Suche in Google Scholar
Dyck, L.J. and R.E. De Wreede. 1995. Patterns of seasonal demographic change in the alternate isomorphic stages of Mazzaella splendens (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia34: 390–395.10.2216/i0031-8884-34-5-390.1Suche in Google Scholar
Dyck, L., R.E. De Wreede and D.J. Garbary. 1985. Life history phases in Iridaea cordata (Gigartinaceae): relative abundance and distribution from British Columbia to California. Jpn. J. Phycol. 33: 225–232.Suche in Google Scholar
Falshaw, R. and R.H. Furneaux. 1998. Structural analysis of carrageenans from the tetrasporic stages of the red algae, Gigartina lanceata and Gigartina chapmanii (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta). Carbohydr. Res. 307: 325–331.10.1016/S0008-6215(98)00030-5Suche in Google Scholar
Fierst, J., C. terHorst, J.E. Kubler and S. Dudgeon. 2005. Fertilization success can drive patterns of phase dominance in complex life histories. J. Phycol.41: 238–249.10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.04024.xSuche in Google Scholar
Garbary D.J. and R.E. De Wreede. 1988. Life history phases in natural populations of Gigartinaceae (Rhodophyta): quantification using resorcinol. In: (C.S. Lobban, D.J. Chapman and B.P. Kremer, eds.) Experimental Phycology. A Laboratory Manual. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 174–178.Suche in Google Scholar
Garbary, D.J., E. Tompkins, K. White, P. Corey and J.K. Kim. 2011. Temporal and spatial variation in the distribution of life history phases of Chondrus crispus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Algae26: 61–71.10.4490/algae.2011.26.1.061Suche in Google Scholar
Gomez, I.M. and R.C. Westermeier. 1991. Frond regrowth from basal disc in Iridaea laminarioides (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) at Mehuin, southern Chile. Mar. Ecol.: Prog. Ser.73: 83–91.10.3354/meps073083Suche in Google Scholar
Guidone, M. and S. Grace. 2010. The ratio of gametophytes to tetrasporophytes of intertidal Chondrus crispus (Gigartinaceae) across a salinity gradient. Rhodora112: 80–84.10.3119/08-35.1Suche in Google Scholar
Hannach, G. and B. Santelices. 1985. Ecological differences between the isomorphic reproductive phases of two species of Iridaea (Rhodophyta: Gigartinales). Mar. Ecol.: Prog. Ser.22: 291–303.10.3354/meps022291Suche in Google Scholar
Hansen, J.E. 1977. Ecology and natural history of Iridaea cordata (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) growth. J. Phycol.13: 395–402.10.1111/j.1529-8817.1977.tb02948.xSuche in Google Scholar
Hansen, J.E. and W.T. Doyle. 1976. Ecology and natural history of Iridaea cordata (Rhodophyta; Gigartinaceae): Population structure. J. Phycol.12: 273–278.10.1111/j.1529-8817.1976.tb02844.xSuche in Google Scholar
Hurd, C.L., W.A. Nelson, R. Falshaw and K.F. Neill. 2004. History, current status and future of marine macroalgal research in New Zealand: Taxonomy, ecology, physiology and human uses. Phycol. Res. 52: 80–106.10.1111/j.1440-1835.2004.tb00318.xSuche in Google Scholar
Klein, B. 1987. The phenology of Dumontia contorta (Rhodophyta) studied by following individual plants in situ at Roscoff, Northern Brittany. Bot. Mar.30: 187–194.10.1515/botm.1987.30.2.187Suche in Google Scholar
Ko, Y.W., G.H. Sung and J.H. Kim. 2008. Estimation for Seaweed Biomass Using Regression: A Methodological Approach. Algae23: 289–294.10.4490/ALGAE.2008.23.4.289Suche in Google Scholar
Lazo, M.L., M. Greenwell and J. McLachlan. 1989. Population structure of Chondrus crispus Stackhouse (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta) along the coast of Prince Edward Island, Canada: Distribution of gametophytic and sporophytic fronds. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 126: 45–58.10.1016/0022-0981(89)90123-8Suche in Google Scholar
Levitt, G.J., J.J. Bolton and R.J. Anderson. 1995. Potential harvestable biomass of four carrageenan-producing seaweeds of the south-western Cape, South Africa. S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci.15: 49–60.10.2989/025776195784156395Suche in Google Scholar
Lindgren, A. and P. Åberg. 1996. Proportion of life cycle stages of Chondrus crispus and its population structure: A comparison between a marine and an estuarine environment. Bot. Mar.39: 263–268.10.1515/botm.1996.39.1-6.263Suche in Google Scholar
Luxoro, C. and B. Santelices. 1989. Additional evidence for ecological differences among isomorphic reproductive phases of Iridaea laminarioides (Rhodophyta: Gigartinales). J. Phycol.25: 206–212.10.1111/j.1529-8817.1989.tb00115.xSuche in Google Scholar
Mathieson, A.C. and R.L. Burns. 1975. Ecological Studies of Economic red algae. V. Growth and reproduction of natural and harvest populations of Chondrus crispus Stackhouse in New Hampshire. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.17: 137–156.10.1016/0022-0981(75)90027-1Suche in Google Scholar
May, G. 1986. Life history variations in a predominantly gametophytic population of Iridaea cordata (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta). J. Phycol.22: 448–455.10.1111/j.1529-8817.1986.tb02488.xSuche in Google Scholar
McLachlan, J.L., W. Blanchard, C. Field and N.I. Lewis. 2011. Gametophyte life-history dominance of Chondrus crispus (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta) along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. Algae 23: 51–60.10.4490/algae.2011.26.1.051Suche in Google Scholar
Mudge, B. and R. Scrosati. 2003. Effects of wave exposure on the proportion of gametophytes and tetrasporophytes of Mazzaella oregona (Rhodophyta: Gigartinales) from Pacific Canada. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K.83: 701–704.10.1017/S0025315403007665hSuche in Google Scholar
Nelson, W.A. 2013. New Zealand seaweeds. An illustrated guide. Te Papa Press, Wellington. pp. 328.Suche in Google Scholar
Otaiza, R.D., S.R. Abades and A.J. Brante. 2001. Seasonal changes in abundance and shifts in dominance of life history stages of the carrageenophyte Sarcothalia crispata (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) in south central Chile. J. Appl. Phycol.13: 161–171.10.1023/A:1011135308283Suche in Google Scholar
Pacheco-Ruiz, I. and J.A. Zertuche-Gonzalez. 1999. Population structure and reproduction of the carrageenophyte Chondracanthus pectinatus in the Gulf of California. Hydrobiologia398: 159–166.10.1007/978-94-011-4449-0_18Suche in Google Scholar
Pickmere, S.E., M.J. Parsons and R.W. Bailey. 1975. Variations in carrageenan levels and composition in three New Zealand species of Gigartina. N. Z. J. Sci.18: 585–590.Suche in Google Scholar
Piriz, M.L. 1996. Phenology of a Gigartina skottsbergii Setchell et Gardner population in Chubut Province (Argentina). Bot. Mar.39: 311–316.10.1515/botm.1996.39.1-6.311Suche in Google Scholar
Pratt, M.C. and A.S. Johnson. 2002. Strength, drag, and dislodgment of two competing intertidal algae from two wave exposures and four seasons. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.272: 71–101.10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00046-1Suche in Google Scholar
Santelices, B. 2004. A comparison of ecological responses among aclonal (unitary), clonal and coalescing macroalgae. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.300: 31–64.10.1016/j.jembe.2003.12.017Suche in Google Scholar
Santelices, B., P. Camus and A.J. Hoffmann. 1989. Ecological studies for harvesting and culturing Gymnogongrus furcellatus (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) in central Chile. J. Appl. Phycol.1: 171–181.10.1007/BF00003881Suche in Google Scholar
Santos, R. 1994. Frond dynamics of the commercial seaweed Gelidium sesquipedale: Effects of size and of frond history. Mar. Ecol.: Prog. Ser.107: 295–305.10.3354/meps107295Suche in Google Scholar
Scrosati, R. 1998a. Population structure and dynamics of the clonal alga Mazzaella cornucopiae (Rhodophyta, Gigartinaceae) from Barkley Sound, Pacific coast of Canada. Bot. Mar.41: 483–493.10.1515/botm.1998.41.1-6.483Suche in Google Scholar
Scrosati, R. 1998b. Mechanisms of recolonization of the clonal intertidal alga Mazzaella cornucopiae (Rhodophyta, Gigartinaceae) after disturbances. Can. J. Bot. 76: 1717–1724.10.1139/b98-124Suche in Google Scholar
Scrosati, R. 1999. Regeneration and reproduction of Mazzaella cornucopiae (Rhodophyta, Gigartinaceae) after frond harvesting. J. Appl. Phycol.10: 531–537.10.1023/A:1008029632351Suche in Google Scholar
Scrosati, R. 2001. Interannual variation of the abundance of Mazzaella cornucopiae (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) from Pacific Canada in relation to changes in abiotic variables. J. Appl. Phycol.13: 457–460.10.1023/A:1011172905085Suche in Google Scholar
Scrosati, R. 2002. An updated definition of genet applicable to clonal seaweeds, bryophytes, and vascular plants. Basic Appl. Ecol. 3: 97–99.10.1078/1439-1791-00106Suche in Google Scholar
Scrosati, R. 2006. Crowding in clonal seaweeds: Does self-thinning occur in Mastocarpus papillatus shortly before stand biomass peaks? Aquat. Bot.84: 233–238.10.1016/j.aquabot.2005.10.003Suche in Google Scholar
Scrosati, R. and R. De Wreede. 1999. Demographic models to simulate the stable ratio between ecologically similar gametophytes and tetrasporophytes in populations of the Gigartinaceae (Rhodophyta). Phycol. Res. 47: 153–157.10.1111/j.1440-1835.1999.tb00295.xSuche in Google Scholar
Scrosati, R. and B. Mudge. 2004. Effects of elevation, wave exposure, and year on the proportion of gametophytes and tetrasporophytes in Mazzaella parksii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinaceae) populations. Hydrobiologia520: 199–205.10.1023/B:HYDR.0000027839.48584.6cSuche in Google Scholar
Thornber, C.S. 2006. Functional properties of the isomorphic biphasic algal life cycle. Integr. Comp. Biol. 46: 605–614.10.1093/icb/icl018Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Thornber, C.S. and S.D. Gaines. 2003. Spatial and temporal variation of haploids and diploids in populations of four congeners of the marine alga Mazzaella. Mar. Ecol.: Prog. Ser.258: 65–77.10.3354/meps258065Suche in Google Scholar
Underwood, A.J. 1997. Experiments in ecology: their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 504.10.1017/CBO9780511806407Suche in Google Scholar
Vera, C., P. Lobos and H. Romo. 2008. Gametophyte-sporophyte coalescence in populations of the intertidal carrageenophyte Mazzaella laminarioides (Rhodophyta). J. Appl. Phycol.20: 883–887.10.1007/978-1-4020-9619-8_52Suche in Google Scholar
Westermeier, R., A. Aguilar, J. Sigel, J. Quintanilla and J. Morales. 1999. Biological basis for the management of Gigartina skottsbergii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in southern Chile. Hydrobiologia398: 137–147.10.1007/978-94-011-4449-0_16Suche in Google Scholar
Zamorano, J. and P.R.H. Westermeier. 1996. Phenology of Gigartina skottsbergii (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta) in Ancud Bay, southern Chile. Hydrobiologia326–327: 253–258.10.1007/BF00047815Suche in Google Scholar
©2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Research articles
- Fungal diversity of marine biofilms on artificial reefs in the north-central Gulf of Mexico
- Genetic diversity and population structure of Corollospora maritima sensu lato: new insights from population genetics
- Fatty acid production of tropical thraustochytrids from Malaysian mangroves
- A new genus Phyllophorella gen. nov. (Phyllophoraceae, Rhodophyta) from central Peru, including Phyllophorella peruviana comb. nov., Phyllophorella humboldtiana sp. nov., and Phyllophorella limaensis sp. nov.
- Morphology and phylogeny of Pterosiphonia dendroidea (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) described as Pterosiphonia tanakae from Japan
- Cryptic diversity of the mangrove-associated alga Bostrychia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Thailand
- Clump structure, population structure and non-destructive biomass estimation of the New Zealand carrageenophyte Sarcothalia lanceata (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)
- Desiccation tolerance and underlying mechanisms for the recovery of the photosynthetic efficiency in the tropical intertidal seagrasses Halophila ovalis and Thalassia hemprichii
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- In this issue
- Research articles
- Fungal diversity of marine biofilms on artificial reefs in the north-central Gulf of Mexico
- Genetic diversity and population structure of Corollospora maritima sensu lato: new insights from population genetics
- Fatty acid production of tropical thraustochytrids from Malaysian mangroves
- A new genus Phyllophorella gen. nov. (Phyllophoraceae, Rhodophyta) from central Peru, including Phyllophorella peruviana comb. nov., Phyllophorella humboldtiana sp. nov., and Phyllophorella limaensis sp. nov.
- Morphology and phylogeny of Pterosiphonia dendroidea (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) described as Pterosiphonia tanakae from Japan
- Cryptic diversity of the mangrove-associated alga Bostrychia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Thailand
- Clump structure, population structure and non-destructive biomass estimation of the New Zealand carrageenophyte Sarcothalia lanceata (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)
- Desiccation tolerance and underlying mechanisms for the recovery of the photosynthetic efficiency in the tropical intertidal seagrasses Halophila ovalis and Thalassia hemprichii
