Home General Interest Considerations About Traditions Influential in the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā
Article
Licensed
Unlicensed Requires Authentication

Considerations About Traditions Influential in the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā

  • Marion Rastelli EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: November 11, 2016
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

The Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā, probably compiled in South India in the twelfth/thirteenth century, is one of the most interesting texts of the Vaiṣṇava Pāñcarātra tradition. Its most important deity is Sudarśana, the anthropomorphic discus of Viṣṇu, who is ritually worshipped by personal priests (purohita, purodhas) for the sake of the king. In contrast to other Pāñcarātra Saṃhitās, the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā contains extensive theological and cosmological chapters. It also shows traces of several other religious traditions. The paper is mainly devoted to this second characteristic and presents examples of influences from two sides, namely, from Śaivas on one hand and Atharvavedins on the other, and tries to give a possible explanation for their presence.

Acknowledgments

A first version of this paper in German was read at a public lecture series held at the Centre for Tantric Studies of the University of Hamburg during the winter term 2012–13 under the title “Die esoterische Tradition des Pāñcarātra: Einflüsse und Ziele”. I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the paper and Cynthia Peck-Kubaczek for suggesting various stylistic corrections of the English manuscript.

Bibliography

Primary literature

ASAhirbudhnyasaṃhitā. Ahirbudhnya-Saṃhitā of the Pāñcarātrāgama. 2 vols. Ed. by M.D. Ramanujacharya under the Supervision of F. Otto Schrader. Revised by V. Krishnamacharya. (The Adyar Library Series 4). Adyar 1916, 21986 (first repr.).
ṚVṚgveda. Die Hymnen des Ṛigveda. Hg. von Th. Aufrecht. 2 Bde. (Indische Studien. Beiträge für die Kunde des indischen Alterthums 6, 7). Berlin 1861, 1863, Hildesheim, New York 1973 (repr.).
KauśSūKauśikasūtra. The Kāuçika-Sūtra of the Atharva-Veda with Extracts from the Commentaries of Dārila and Keçava. Ed. by Maurice Bloomfield. Baltimore 1889.
JSJayākhyasaṃhitā. Jayākhyasaṁhitā. Crit. Ed. with an Introduction in Sanskrit, Indices etc. by Embar Krishnamacharya. (Gaekwads Oriental Series 54). Baroda 1931.
PādSPādmasaṃhitā. Padma Samhita. Crit. Ed. by Seetha Padmanabhan and R.N. Sampath (part I), Seetha Padmanabhan and V. Varadachari (part II). (Pāñcarātra Parisodhanā Pariṣad Series 3, 4). Madras 1974, 1982.
ParSParamasaṃhitā. Paramasaṁhitā [of the Pāñcharātra]. Ed. and translated into English with an introduction by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar. (Gaekwads Oriental Series 86). Baroda 1940.
PārSPārameśvarasaṃhitā. Pārameśvarasaṃhitā Govindācāryaiḥ saṃskṛtā, anekavidhādarśādibhiḥ saṃyojitā ca. Śrīraṅgam 1953.
MatsyaPMatsyapurāṇa. Śrīmaddvaipāyanamunipraṇītaṃ Matsyapurāṇam. etat pustakam Ānandāśramasthapaṇḍitaiḥ saṃśodhitam. (Ānandāśramaḥ saṃskṛtagranthāvaliḥ 54). Poona 1907.
ManuManusmṛti. Mānava-Dharma Śāstra [Institutes of Manu], with the Commentaries of Medhátithi, Sarvañanáráyaṇa, Kúllúka, Rághavánanda, Nandana, and Rámachandra and an Appendix by Vishvanáth Náráyan Mandlik. Bombay 1886.
MārkPMārkaṇḍeyapurāna. (Veda-vyāsapraṇīta) Śrīmārkaṇḍeya purāṇa bhāṣā ṭīkā sahita jisko aneka pustakoṃ ke racayitā B. Vṛndāvanadāsa ne bahut śuddha aur sarala hindī bhāṣā meṃ anuvādita kiyā. Mathura 1941.
MBhMahābhārata. The Mahābhārata for the First Time Crit. Ed. by Vishnu S. Sukthankar, S.K. Belvalkar et al. 19 vols. Poona 1933–1966.
MBhNMahābhārata. The Mahābhārata with the Bharata Bhawadeepa Commentary of Nīlkaṇṭha ed. by Ramchandrashastri Kinjawadekar. 6 vols. New Delhi 21979.
LiṅgaPLiṅgapurāṇa. Liṅgapurāṇam Jivānanda Vidyāsāgara Bhaṭṭācāryyeṇa saṃskṛtam prakāśitañ ca. Calcutta 1885.
LTLakṣmītantra. Lakṣmī-Tantra. A Pāñcarātra Āgama. Ed. with Sanskrit Gloss and Introduction by V. Krishnamacharya. (The Adyar Library Series 87). Madras 1959, 1975 (repr.).
ViṣṇuPViṣṇupurāṇa. The Critical Edition of the Viṣṇupurāṇam. 2 vols. Crit. ed. by M.M. Pathak. Vadodara 1997, 1999.
ŚivaPŚivapurāṇa. Śivamahāpurāṇam. Published by Khemraj Shrikrishnadas. Bombay 1965.

Secondary literature

Apte, Vaman Shivaram (1992): The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Revised & Enlarged Edition. Kyoto (third repr.). First ed. Poona 1957.Search in Google Scholar

Begley, W.E. (1973): Viṣṇu’s Flaming Wheel: The Iconography of the Sudarśana-Cakra. New York.Search in Google Scholar

Bianchini, Francesco (2015): A King’s Best Weapon. Sudarśana’s Worship at the Royal Court According to the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā. MA thesis submitted to the University of Vienna.Search in Google Scholar

Bloomfield, M. (1899): The Atharvaveda. (Grundriss der Indo-Arischen Philologie und Altertumskunde 2/1B). Strassburg.10.1515/9783111446783Search in Google Scholar

Bock-Raming, Andreas (1987): “Die Madhu-Kaiṭabha-Episode und ihre Bearbeitung in der Anonymliteratur des Pāñcarātra”. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 137/1: 78–109.Search in Google Scholar

Bock-Raming, Andreas (1992): “Zum Gebrauch vedischer Mantras in den Schlußkapiteln der Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā”. Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens 36: 71–89.Search in Google Scholar

Bock-Raming, Andreas (2002): Untersuchungen zur Gottesvorstellung in der älteren Anonymliteratur des Pāñcarātra. (Beiträge zur Indologie 34). Wiesbaden.Search in Google Scholar

Champakalakshmi, R. (1981): Vaiṣṇava Iconography in the Tamil Country. New Delhi.Search in Google Scholar

Eschmann, A. (1978): “The Vaiṣṇava Typology of Hinduization and the Origin of Jagannātha”. In: The Cult of Jagannath and the Regional Tradition of Orissa. Edited by Anncharlott Eschmann, Hermann Kulke and Gaya Charan Tripathi. (South Asian Studies 8). New Delhi, 99–117.Search in Google Scholar

Eschmann, A./Kulke, H./Tripathi, G.C. (1978): “The Foundation of the Jagannāth Triad”. In: The Cult of Jagannath and the Regional Tradition of Orissa. Edited by Anncharlott Eschmann, Hermann Kulke and Gaya Charan Tripathi. (South Asian Studies 8). New Delhi, 169–196.Search in Google Scholar

Gillet, Valérie (2010) : La création d’une iconographie śivaïte narrative. Incarnations du dieu dans les temples pallava construits. (Collection Indologie 113). Pondichéry.10.4000/books.ifp.456Search in Google Scholar

Gonda, J. (1970): Viṣṇuism and Śaivism. A Comparison. (Jordan Lectures in Comparative Religion 9). London.Search in Google Scholar

Gopinatha Rao, T.A. (1997): Elements of Hindu Iconography. 2 vols. Repr. Delhi 1997. First ed. Madras 1914.Search in Google Scholar

Grünendahl, Reinhold (1997): “Parallelen des Nārāyaṇīya und Anmerkungen zu seiner Wirkungsgeschichte”. In: Nārāyaṇīya-Studien. Hg. von Reinhold Grühnendahl, Angelika Malinar, Thomas Oberlies, Peter Schreiner. (Purāṇa Research Publications 6). Wiesbaden, 296–378.Search in Google Scholar

Hacker, Paul (1959): Prahlāda. Werden und Wandlungen einer Idealgestalt. Beiträge zur Geschichte des Hinduismus. 2 Teile. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur. Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 1959/9 und 13). Wiesbaden.Search in Google Scholar

Kanaka Durga, P.S. (2001): “Identity and Symbols of Sustenance: Explorations in Social Mobility of Medieval South India”. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 44.2: 141–174.10.1163/156852001753731024Search in Google Scholar

Leach, Robert (2012): Textual Traditions and Religious Identities in the Pāñcarātra. PhD Thesis. Edinburgh.Search in Google Scholar

Mani, V.R. (1985): The Cult of Weapons. The Iconography of the Āyudhapuruṣas. Delhi.Search in Google Scholar

Matsubara, Mitsunori (1994): Pāñcarātra Saṃhitās & Early Vaiṣṇava Theology With A Translation and Critical Notes from Chapters on Theology in the Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā. Delhi.Search in Google Scholar

Oberhammer, Gerhard (1994): Offenbarungsgeschichte als Text. Religionshermeneutische Bemerkungen zum Phänomen in hinduistischer Tradition. (Publications of the De Nobili Research Library. Occasional Papers 5). Wien.Search in Google Scholar

Oberhammer, Gerhard (2004): Zur spirituellen Praxis des Zufluchtnehmens bei Gott (śaraṇāgatiḥ) vor Veṅkaṭanātha. Materialien zur Geschichte der Rāmānuja-Schule 7. (ÖAW Sph 710=VSKS 36). Wien.10.1553/3-7001-0290-9Search in Google Scholar

Oberhammer, Gerhard (2007): “Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā 37. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der śaraṇāgati”. In: Expanding and Merging Horizons. Contributions to South Asian and Cross-Cultural Studies in Commemoration of Wilhelm Halbfass. Edited by Karin Preisendanz. (ÖAW Denkschriften 351=BKGA 53). Wien, 667–678.Search in Google Scholar

Oberlies, Thomas (1997): “Die Textgeschichte der Śvetadvīpa-Episode des Nārāyaṇīya (MBh 12,321–326)”. In: Nārāyaṇīya-Studien. Hg. von Reinhold Grühnendahl, Angelika Malinar, Thomas Oberlies and Peter Schreiner. (Purāṇa Research Publications 6). Wiesbaden, 75–138.Search in Google Scholar

Rastelli, Marion (2000): “The Religious Practice of the Sādhaka according to the Jayākhyasaṃhitā”. Indo-Iranian Journal 43/4: 319–395.10.1163/000000000124994128Search in Google Scholar

Rastelli, Marion (2005): “Unaltered Ritual in Transformed Religion. The pūjā According to Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā 28 and the Nityagrantha”. In: Words and Deeds. Hindu and Buddhist Rituals in South Asia. Edited by Jörg Gengnagel, Ute Hüsken and Srilata Raman. (Ethno-Indology. Heidelberg Studies in South Asian Rituals 1). Wiesbaden, 115–152.Search in Google Scholar

Rastelli, Marion (2006): Die Tradition des Pāñcarātra im Spiegel der Pārameśvarasaṃhitā. (SbÖAW 748=BKGA 51). Wien.10.1553/0x001371d4Search in Google Scholar

Rastelli, Marion (2015): “Mahālakṣmī. Integrating a Goddess into the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā”. Indo-Iranian Journal 58: 325–356.10.1163/15728536-05804002Search in Google Scholar

Rastelli, Marion (forthcoming a): Narratives as a Medium for Appealing to the Royal Court. A Look into the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā In: Tantric Communities in Context. Edited by Nina Mirnig, Marion Rastelli and Vincent Eltschinger. Vienna.Search in Google Scholar

Rastelli, Marion (forthcoming b): “Viṣṇu, Vāsudeva, and Nārāyaṇa in the Pāñcarātra Saṃhitās”. In: Changing Forms and the Becoming of a Deity in Indian Religious Traditions: The God Viṣṇu-Nārāyaṇa. Edited by Marcus Schmücker. Wien, 263–306.Search in Google Scholar

Sanderson, Alexis (1990): “The Vizualization of the Deities of the Trika”. In: L’Image divine. Culte et Méditation dans l’hindouisme. Études rassemblées par André Padoux. Paris, 31–88.Search in Google Scholar

Sanderson, Alexis (2001): “History through Textual Criticism in the study of Śaivism, the Pañcarātra and the Buddhist Yoginītantras”. In: Les sources et le temps. Sources and Time. A Colloquium, Pondicherry, 11–13 January 1997. Dir. François Grimal. (Publications du Département d’Indologie 91). Pondicherry, 1–47.Search in Google Scholar

Sanderson, Alexis (2004): “Religion and the State: Śaiva Officiants in the Territory of the King’s Brahmanical Chaplain”. Indo-Iranian Journal 47: 229–300.10.1007/s10783-005-2927-ySearch in Google Scholar

Sanderson, Alexis (2007): “Atharvavedins in Tantric Territory. The Āṅgirasakalpa Texts of the Oriya Paippalādins and their Connection with the Trika and the Kālīkula. With critical editions of the Parājapavidhi, the Parāmantravidhi, and the *Bhadrakālīmantravidhiprakaraṇa”. In: The Atharvaveda and its Paippalādaśākhā. Historical and Philological Papers on a Vedic Tradition. Edited by Arlo Griffiths and Annette Schmiedchen. (Geisteskultur Indiens. Texte und Studien 11). Aachen, 195–311.Search in Google Scholar

Sanderson, Alexis (2009): “The Śaiva Age. The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism During the Early Medieval Period”. In: Genesis and Development of Tantrism. Edited by Shingo Einoo. (Institute of Oriental Culture Special Series 23). Tokyo, 41–349.Search in Google Scholar

Schrader, F. Otto (1916): Introduction to the Pāñcarātra and the Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā. Madras.Search in Google Scholar

Sörensen, S. (1904): An Index to the Names in the Mahabharata with Short Explanations and a Concordance to the Bombay and Calcutta Editions and P.C. Roy’s Translation. London.Search in Google Scholar

Sumant, Shilpa (2010): “Iconography of Nṛsiṃha Represented in the Karmapañjikā of the Paippalādins”. Journal of the Oriental Institute 60/1–2: 57–66.Search in Google Scholar

Torella, Raffaele (1998): “The kañcukas in the Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava Tantric Tradition: A Few Considerations Between Theology and Grammar”. In: Studies in Hinduism II. Miscellanea to the Phenomenon of Tantras. Edited by Gerhard Oberhammer. (ÖAW Sph 662=BKGA 28). Wien, 55–86.Search in Google Scholar

Verghese, Anila (1995): “A Rare Image of Sudarśana-Chakra at Hampi”. In: Śrī Nāgābhinandanam. Dr. M.S. Nagaraja Rao Festschrift. Essays on Art, Culture, History, Archaeology, Epigraphy and Conservation of Cultural Property of India and Neighbouring Countries. Edited by L.K. Srinivasan, S. Nagaraju. Vol. 1. Bangalore, 407–414.Search in Google Scholar

Wijesekera, O.H. De A. (1961): “Discoid Weapons in Ancient India. A Study of Vedic cakra, pavi and kṣurapavi”. The Adyar Library Bulletin 25/1–4: 250–267.Search in Google Scholar

Witzel, M. (1986): “Regionale und überregionale Faktoren in der Entwicklung vedischer Brahmanengruppen im Mittelalter”. (Materialien zu den vedischen Schulen, 5). In: Regionale Tradition in Südasien. Hg. von H. Kulke und D. Rothermund. (Beiträge zur Südasienforschung 104). Heidelberg, 37–76.Search in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2016-11-11
Published in Print: 2018-08-28

© 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Aufsätze – Articles – Articles
  3. Les manuscrits du sud de la vallée de l’Indus en écriture khojkī sindhī: état des lieux et perspectives
  4. Hell as “Eternal” Punishment? On the Depiction of Hell in Vīlhojī’s Kathā Gyāncarī
  5. Entwicklungen in der Darstellung Buddhistischer Erzählstoffe in Sri Lanka
  6. Mack the Knife and Knife-Black Dorothy Appositional Metaphoric Compounds: A Comparison and Contrast of the Varying Approaches in Sanskrit Treatises on Grammar and Poetics
  7. Music Theory, Mathematics, and Patterns of Innovation in the Saṅgītaratnākara
  8. Considerations About Traditions Influential in the Ahirbudhnyasaṃhitā
  9. Meanings Out of Rules. Definitions, Functions and Uses of Paribhāṣās in Śrautasūtras, Gṛhyasūtras, Vyākaraṇa, Mīmāṃsā and Vedānta
  10. A General Overview
  11. The paribhāṣās in the Śrautasūtras: Problems, Opportunities and Premises for an Investigation
  12. Towards a Methodology for Applying the paribhāṣās in the Kauśikasūtra (II)
  13. From Commentary to paribhāṣās: Kātyāyana and Patañjali vis-à-vis Vyāḍi
  14. The Role of paribhāṣās in Mīmāṃsā: Rational Rules of Textual Exegesis
  15. … And What about the Vedānta Paribhāṣā’s paribhāṣātva? Some hypotheses on the use of paribhāṣās in later Advaita Vedānta
  16. Meanings Out of Rules: The Editor’s Overview
  17. Rezensionen – Comptes rendus – Reviews
  18. Some More Notes on Siderits and Katsura’s Translation of Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
  19. Rezension – Compte rendu – Review
  20. Otter, Felix: Grundkurs Sanskrit: Eine Einführung in die Sprache der altindischen Erzählliteratur
Downloaded on 13.3.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/asia-2016-0002/html
Scroll to top button