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How foreign language learners’ benign and deleterious self-directed humour shapes their classroom anxiety and enjoyment

  • Xuemei Chen EMAIL logo and Jean-Marc Dewaele
Published/Copyright: July 23, 2025

Abstract

This study examines how two dimensions of self-directed humour (SDH) (deleterious SDH and benign SDH) can be used by language learners to shape the relationship between foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE). A total of 234 Chinese college students learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) completed an online questionnaire. Results indicate a chain mediation model, suggesting that FLCA predicted, but only indirectly, FLE when mediated by learners’ use of deleterious SDH and benign SDH sequentially. Our study established that through judicious deployment of deleterious and benign SDH, EFL learners are capable of transforming their maladaptive emotional states (FLCA) into adaptive ones (FLE). Also, the under-explored positive side of SDH, benign SDH, has demonstrated its crucial supportive role in learners’ enjoyment.


Corresponding author: Xuemei Chen, School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, P. R. China, E-mail:

Award Identifier / Grant number: 23CYY039

Funding source: Sichuan Office of Philosophy and Social Science, Social Science Fund

Award Identifier / Grant number: SC22WY036

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Received: 2024-04-23
Accepted: 2025-07-14
Published Online: 2025-07-23
Published in Print: 2025-11-25

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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